香蕉茎秆纤维化学脱胶工艺及脱胶纤维性能  

Process of degumming by chemical for banana pseudostem fibers and characterization of degummed fibers

作　　者：徐树英[1,2] 谭蔚[1] 张玉苍[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]海南大学材料与化工学院,海口570228

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第13期301-308,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51263006);高校博士学科点专项科研基金(博导类)(20134601110004);海南省国际合作项目(KJHZ2014-02);海南省产学研一体化项目(CXY20150019);海南大学服务地方经济项目(HDSF201311)

摘　　要：为了将废弃的香蕉茎秆制备纤维的工艺运用到纺织领域,采用化学法脱胶工艺提取香蕉茎秆纤维。研究预酸,预氧及碱液煮炼工艺条件对香蕉茎秆纤维脱胶率和残余木质素率的影响,确定较佳的脱胶工艺。采用傅立叶红外光谱（fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy,FTIR）、X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction,XRD）和扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）分析较佳工艺制备的香蕉茎秆纤维的理化特性;并对其力学性能进行测试与分析。结果表明：预酸采用H2SO4质量浓度2 g/L,浴比1∶20,水浴温度55℃,时间2 h;预氧处理工艺采用H2O2质量浓度7 g/L;助剂Na2Si O3质量分数3%,多聚磷酸钠质量分数2%;温度95℃,p H值11,浴比1∶20,时间1.5 h,升温时间35-40 min;碱液煮炼Na OH溶液质量浓度9 g/L,常压0.1 MPa煮沸,温度100℃,时间3 h,浴比1∶20;酸洗用H2SO4体积分数0.1%,温度28℃,时间5 min。在此条件下,香蕉茎秆纤维的脱胶率为68%,残余木质素率为8.21%。FTIR结果表明对比香蕉茎秆粗纤维,化学法较佳工艺制备的香蕉茎秆纤维去除了大部分的半纤维素和木质素,相对结晶度为60%;断裂截面的SEM图表明化学法制备的香蕉茎秆纤维呈现脆性-塑形复合型断裂形式,直径范围在0.068 mm左右。力学性能测试结果表明较佳工艺制备的香蕉茎秆纤维拉伸强度,杨氏模量和断裂伸长率分别是353.09 MPa,18.34 GPa和1.70%。结果表明化学法较佳工艺制备的香蕉茎秆纤维在纺织工业具有一定的应用前景。Natural fibers have growing demands in textile industry due to its availability, eco-friendliness, renewability, CO2-neutrality, flexibility, low density and low cost. Banana pseudostem fibers（BPSFs） can be a potential candidate to replace the synthetic fibers. However, there are still limitations for their application in textile industry because of their poor quality, such as ＂coarseness, shortness, hardness and crispness＂. This paper described one chemical method for extracting finer natural BPSFs from natural banana pseudostem. The effects of different pre-acid, pre-oxygen and alkali cooking processes on degumming rate and residual lignin rate of BPSFs were studied. The better degumming process was determined. The physicochemical properties of BPSFs treated chemically were analyzed by using the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. FTIR revealed structural modification after chemical treatments. SEM was used to evaluate the fracture morphology of failed samples. The tensile properties of BPSFs treated chemically were also investigated. The result showed that the pre-acid process condition was 2 g/L H2SO4 aqueous solution at 55 °C for 2 h, where the external wax could be removed. The pre-oxygen process was achieved by immersing the banana pseudostem in a 200 mL mixture liquid composed of 7 g/L H2O2, 3wt% Na2 SiO 3 and 2wt% sodium polyphosphate at 95 °C for 1.5 h. Afterwards, The sample was immersed in 200 mL NaO H solution of 9 g/L at boiling temperature for 3 h, then washed with 1 g/L H2SO4 for 2-3 min to neutralize the residual alkali in the sample. Under the conditions, the residual gum rate of BPSFs treated chemically was 20.80%, and the residual lignin rate was 8.21%. BPSFs treated chemically were white and clean, and consisted of a large number of fine micro fibrils with a diameter of from 0.05 to 0.09 mm. In addition, BPSFs treated chemically were soft. FTIR results showed that most of the hemicelluloses and li

关 键 词：纤维 脱胶 傅里叶光谱 残胶率 残余木质素率 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程]