不同农村污水收集处理方式的经济性比较  

Economic Comparison of Different Rural Sewage Treatment Patterns

作　　者：范彬[1] 胡明[1] 顾俊 郑雅莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心住房和城乡建设部农村污水处理技术北方研究中心,北京100085 [2]常熟市住房和城乡建设局,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2015年第14期20-25,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2011ZX07301-003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278484)

摘　　要：在常规卫生排水模式下,农村污水收集处理的方式有纳入城镇污水处理系统、村组收集处理和就地收集处理,优化农村污水收集处理方式对于降低农村污水治理成本十分关键。受传统观念和国内装备技术水平的影响,当前各地在开展农村污水治理时偏好更为集中的收集处理方式。以常熟市县域统筹农村污水治理工作为基础,结合引进日本户用净化槽技术应用的实际案例,分析了当前常熟市农村污水治理在不同收集处理方式下的建设成本、运行成本以及户均等价年成本。研究表明,常熟市在2012年以后实施的农村污水治理工程,基于净化槽技术应用的就地处理方式在建设成本和运行成本方面均显著优于其他两种方式,三种方式的户均等价年成本分别为2 816、2 871和2 334元/户。建议大力推广基于先进装备制造技术的农村污水就地处理方式。Under conventional sanitary sewerage, the rural sewage treatment patterns in China have three types： discharge into town sewage treatment system, village collection and treatment pattern and on-site treatment pattern. To optimize rural sewage treatment patterns is the key to reduce the rural sewage treatment cost. Currently there is a tendency to choose the centralized treatment of rural sewage because of the conventional concepts and the low level of the domestic equipment technology in the de- centralized sewage treatment. Based on Changshu rural sewage treatment projects as a whole, combined with the application cases of the introduced Japanese household Johkasou technology, the construction costs, the operation costs and the equivalent annual total costs per household of different rural sewage treatment patterns in Changshu were analyzed. The results showed that both the construction cost and the operation cost of on-site treatment pattern with the Johkasou technology in the rural sewage treatment pro- jects since 2012 in Changshu were much lower than those of the other two treatment patterns. The equiva- lent annual total costs per household of three sewage treatment patterns were 2 816 yuan, 2 871 yuan and2 334 yuan, respectively. It was proposed to vigorously promote the on-site rural sewage treatment pattern based on advanced equipment in China.

关 键 词：农村污水治理 污水收集方式 户用净化槽 经济评价 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]