新疆北疆地区某集约化肉牛养殖场春季环境指标评价  

Evaluation of the Environmental Indices in a Beef Cattle Farm in the North of Xinjiang

作　　者：梅玮[1] 祁巨中 刘英玉[1] 张晓红[1] 王志琴[1] 姚刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆昭苏县畜牧局,昭苏835600

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2015年第7期1738-1746,共9页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"肉牛生产质量监测关键技术研发与示范"(2011BAD47B04);基础兽医学新疆普通高等学校重点学科科研启动项目(JCSY201301)

摘　　要：为了解新疆伊犁地区昭苏县肉牛养殖环境状况，评价其环境质量，本研究对该县某典型集约化肉牛养殖场的相关环境指标进行了测定。采用DT-8820四合一多功能环境表（光照强度、温度、湿度、噪音）、智能气体检测报警仪（二氧化碳（CO2）、氨气（NH3）、甲烷（CH4））和LD-5C微电脑激光粉尘仪（可吸入颗粒物（PMl0）和总悬浮颗粒物（TSP））对新疆昭苏县某集约化肉牛养殖场肉牛舍春季（4月下旬）上述环境指标进行为期10d的测定。结果表明，该牛舍春季每天采光时间为08：00～18：00，约10h；光照强度、温度、湿度和噪音平均值分别为105．61 Lux、16．30℃、49．56％和64．59dB；CH4、C02和NH3浓度平均值分别为0．09、880．91和0．51mg／m^3；PMl0和TSP浓度平均值分别为0．030和0．010mg／m^3。通过对上述指标的日周期和时周期变化可发现牛舍平均温度超过国标最高限值，持续时间为11：00～24：00，约13h。综上所述，除牛舍温度指标外，该牛舍测定的各项环境指标参数均符合畜禽养殖环境标准，该牛舍春季环境较适宜肉牛生产，但需要采取相应措施对牛舍温度进行调节以保证动物的福利需求。In order to obtain the basic information of the environmental situation for beef cattle production in Yili area, the environmental indices detected from a typical collective beef cattle farm were evaluated. COs ,NHa and CH4, luminosity, temperature, humidity and noise, PM10 and TSP of the beef cattle cowshed were measured for consecutive 10 clays in the spring. The results showed that in the spring,the daylight time was about 10 h from 08：00 to 18 ： 00,and the aver- age value of luminosity,temperature,humidity and noise were 105.61 Lux,16.30 ℃ ,49.56% and 64.59 dB, respeetively; The average value of CH4, COs and NH3 concentrations were 0. 09,880. 91 and 0.51 mg/m^3 , respectively; The average value of PM10 and TSP concentrations were 0. 030 and 0. 010 mg/m^3 ,respectively. By zooming in the day and hour fluctuation of above measured en- vironmental indices it was found that the average temperature in this cowshed was over the maxi- mum limit of national standard from 11 ： 00 to 24：00 lasting for about 13 hours. It was conclu- ded that the general environment in this area was suitable for beef cattle production except the temperature in this cowshed needs to be improved for providing better welfare for beef cattle.

关 键 词：春季 肉牛舍 环境指标 评价 

分 类 号：S815.4[农业科学—畜牧学]