基于扩散磁共振成像的大脑白质微结构检测研究进展  

Review on Cerebral White Matter Microstructure Detection Based on Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

作　　者：张力新[1] 王伟伟[1] 赵欣[1] 陈元园[1] 沙淼[1] 万柏坤[1] 明东[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《纳米技术与精密工程》2015年第4期276-286,共11页Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81222021;31271062;61172008;81171423;51007063);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAI34B02);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-10-0618)

摘　　要：大脑白质由连接大脑灰质区域的神经纤维聚集而成,含白质纤维、神经轴突等多种细胞成分.白质纤维是大脑信息传递和编码的重要媒介,白质微结构检测对脑神经科学研究和中枢神经疾病诊断与治疗具有十分重要的意义.利用组织中水分子扩散特性成像的扩散磁共振成像(diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,d MRI)技术为组织微结构的无创在体检测提供了可能.本文首先介绍了组织中水分子的扩散特性和基于d MRI的水分子扩散参数检测原理;然后重点综述近年来基于d MRI技术在白质完整性、神经突密度和直径、白质纤维几何特征及走行等白质微结构检测方面的研究进展;最后简要讨论d MRI技术所存在的问题并展望其未来发展,以期促进d MRI技术在白质微结构信息检测中的研究与应用.Cerebral white matter is a cluster of nerve fibers connecting gray matter regions of the brain （ which contains a variety of cell component, such as white matter fibers and axons）, and is an important medium of information transferring and encoding. White matter microstructure has important implications for the detection of brain science research, and diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system disor- ders. The diffusion magnetic resonance imaging （ dMRI）, based on the diffusion properties of tissue wa- ter molecules, makes it possible for the non-invasive detection of tissue microstructure in vivo. This paper first described the diffusion properties of water molecules in tissue and dMRI-based detection principle of water molecule diffusion parameters ; then reviewed the research progress of dMRI-based white matter mi- crostrueture detection in terms of white matter integrity, neurite density and diameter, geometry features and course of white matter fibers, ere ; and briefly discussed the problems in dMRI technology and the fu- ture development to promote dMRI technical research and application in detecting white matter micro- structure information.

关 键 词：扩散磁共振成像 大脑白质微结构 白质纤维 神经突密度 

分 类 号：R322.81[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] TP391.41[医药卫生—基础医学]