施肥增碳对华北地区土壤水分及作物水分利用的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Increasing Carbon on Soil Moisture and Crop Water Use Efficiency in North China Plain

作　　者：李银坤[1] 夏旭[2] 陈敏鹏[2] 王利春[1] 梅旭荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第6期50-53,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金项目(BSRF201311,1610122012003);国家自然科学基金项目(31171489)

摘　　要：通过田间微区试验，研究了相同施氮水平下单施无机氮（CO）、50％无机氮＋50％有机氮配施（CI）和单施有机氮（C2）对冬小麦一夏玉米体系土壤水分变化和水分利用的影响。结果表明，冬小麦和夏玉米体系内土壤水分周年变化规律明显，可分为：土壤水分调整期、土壤水分相对稳定期、快速失墒期和土壤水分恢复期4个阶段。相同施氮水平下增碳可提高0～i60cm土壤贮水量0．52％～0．83％和底墒8．08～16．Imm，可降低茬口水分损失1．42～4．90mm。周年耗水量、产量和水分利用效率随碳用量的提高而增加，与CO处理相比，C1和C2处理周年水分利用效率分别提高了4．12％和7．26％。The field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of fertilization increasing carbon on soil moisture and water use efficiency in winter wheat-summer maize cropping system under the treat- ments of inorganic nitrogen （CO）, 50% inorganic nitrogenq-50% organic nitrogen （C1） and organic nitro- gen （C2） at the same nitrogen application in North China Plain. The results indicated that annual changes of soil moisture could be divided into four periods： moisture adjustment period, moisture stable period, moisture rapidly losses period and moisture recruit period. Compared to CO treatment, soil water storage in treatments of C1 and C2 increased by 0.52% and 0.83~, respectively; soil moisture under the treat- ments of C1 and C2 increased by 8.08 and 16.1ram in sowing stage, and soil moisture losses in C1 and C2 treatments were reduced by 1.42 and 4.90 mm during crops rotation stage, respectively. Annual water consumption, yield and water use efficiency increased with the increase of organic fertilizer carbon applica- tion, of which annual water use efficiency of C1 and C2 treatments increased by 4.12% and 7.26% com- pared to CO treatment, respectively. Increasing carbon application through organic fertilizer was an effec- tive way to improve crop yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat and summer maize crop system.

关 键 词：无机有机氮 碳用量 土壤水分 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S311[农业科学—农业基础科学]