从“去欧洲化”到“与欧洲重逢”——爱默生文学伦理思想新探  

From “De-Europe” to “Reunite with Europe”——A New Study of Emerson's Ethic Literary Thought

作　　者：龙云[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院,北京100024

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2015年第2期72-75,79,共5页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目("跨文化视域下的爱默生思想研究";13YJC752014);北京市属高等学校高层次人才引进与培养计划项目(CIT&TCD201304011);2013年北京市教委社科计划面上项目(SM201310031003)的研究成果

摘　　要：爱默生在创建美国民族文学初期提出了"去欧洲化"的文学主张,以摆脱长期以来欧洲文化对美国文学发展的桎梏,并将"个人主义"思想确立为文学作品的伦理主题。爱默生"个人主义"思想的理内涵体现为个人存在的自由意志,强调尊重个人天性以及追求自我完善,创设了人类生存的原初状态和意义世界,并对应为本原的自由意志和能动的自由意志。爱默生的个人主义伦理观是以一个从自由看待发展的视角来阐述以人为本,强调了自由和平等的理念。爱默生呼吁文学创作要走出狭隘的主体意识,以开放的心态接纳"他者",期待美国将以平等对话的身份"与欧洲重逢"。爱默生从"去欧洲化"到"与欧洲重逢"的思想发展过程为美国民族主义的立场提供了方向,以自由意志为导向的文本叙事实现了浪漫主义时期民族象征的统一性,加上其全球化的文化视野都成为美国浪漫主义文学的鲜明旗帜。Emerson put forward the proposition of ＂de-Europe＂ at the beginning of constructing American national literature, so as to shake off the shackle of European culture that had long held American literature in bondage. Emerson estab- lished ＂individualism＂ as the ethic theme in literary works. The ethic connotation of Emerson＇ s ＂individualism＂ exempli- fied the free will of the personal existence, emphasized the respect for the individual instinct and the aspiration for self-perfec- tion, set up the primary stage and meaningful word for human existence, which were corresponding to the original free will and active free will. Based on the perspective of development from the view of freedom, Emerson＇ s individual ethics articulated the people-oriented ethics, demonstrating the conception of freedom and equality. Emerson appealed that the literary creation should get out of the narrowly subject consciousness, accept ＂Other＂ with an open mind, and expect America could ＂reunite with Europe＂ in an equally conversational capacity. Emerson＇ s ideas developed from ＂de-Europe＂ to ＂Reunite with Eu- rope＂ , which provided the direction for American naturalistic stand. The free-will-oriented narrative fulfilled in unifying the symbols of nation in the romantic period; furthermore, its globally cultural horizon is also the distinct flag of American roman literature.

关 键 词：爱默生 文学伦理 个人主义 自由意志 民族主义 世界性 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]