基因组编辑技术及其在植物遗传改良上的应用  

Genome Editing and Its Application for Genetic Improvements of Plants

作　　者：林雅容 周淑芬[2] 朱义旺 孙庆山[2,3] 陈惠妹 王锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350108 [2]福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所/福建省农业遗传工程重点实验室,福建福州350003 [3]福建农林大学作物科学学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2015年第5期522-527,共6页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2015J01107)

摘　　要：以类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶(transcription activator-like effector nucleases,TALENs)和II型CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)为代表的基因组编辑技术,是植物基因功能研究和遗传改良的一种高效辅助工具。TALENs和CRISPR/Cas9能够精确地在植物基因组DNA序列上造成双链断裂(double strand break,DSB),激发细胞自身同源重组(homologous recombination,HR)和非同源末端接合(nonhomologous end-joining,NHEJ)的修复机制,从而完成对植物基因组的靶向修饰。本研究对这2种基因组编辑技术在结构特征、技术原理以及在植物靶向修饰上的应用展开了综述,并对TALENs和CRISPR/Cas9系统的应用前景进行了展望。Technology of precise genome editing based on the transcription activator-like effector nucleases （TALENs）and the type II clustered regularly interpaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR/Cas9 ）has been a powerful auxiliary tool for research on genetic functions and improvements of plants.TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 can induce a double strand break （DSB）between the bound sequence resulting in cellular repairs on DSB through either the homologous recombination （HR）or non-homologous end joining （NHEJ ）pathway prior to making modifications on the target genome.This article reviews the information relevant to TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 based on the structure characteristics,action principle and applications of target modification on plants.Potential applications of the advanced technology were also discussed.

关 键 词：植物 基因组编辑技术 TALENs CRISPR/Cas9 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]