植物减数分裂同源染色体重组的分子机理  

Molecular Mechanism of Meiotic Recombination in Plants

作　　者：李亚非[1] 程祝宽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2015年第6期537-543,共7页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31230038);国家重大科学研究计划(批准号:2011CB944602)资助项目

摘　　要：减数分裂是真核生物有性生殖过程中性母细胞成熟时所进行的特殊细胞分裂方式.在减数分裂过程中,同源染色体间需发生一系列有规律的重要事件,包括同源染色体配对、联会、重组、分离等,这些事件被证明是由许多遗传网络精密调控的.尽管许多调控减数分裂过程的基因已经被克隆,但减数分裂同源重组的分子机理仍不太清楚.植物是进行减数分裂研究的理想材料,近年来随着多种模式植物基因组序列测定的完成,大大加速了植物减数分裂相关基因的鉴定与功能研究.本文以拟南芥和水稻为主要对象,综述了植物减数分裂同源重组分子机理研究取得的一些重要进展,着重分析已鉴定同源重组相关蛋白的生物学功能.Meiosis is the crucial process in eukaryotic sexual reproduction in which one diploid germ cell divides to produce four haploid gametes. Several key events, including homologous chromosomes pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation occur sequentially during this process, However, although all these events are widely conserved in species, and they are controlled by both genetic and epigenetic factors, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain obscure up to now. As the major classical genetic materials, plants also have inherent advantages in meiotic studies. Furthermore, the genomes of several model plants have been sequenced which could greatly accelerate meiotic research using molecular tools. In this review, we give an overview of the discovery of meiotic genes mainly in Arabidopsis and rice, with a particular focus on their functions in homologous recombination.

关 键 词：减数分裂 同源重组 拟南芥 水稻 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]