彩色马蹄莲大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育的研究  

Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Calla Lily( Zantedeschia hybrids)

作　　者：杨柳燕[1,2] 王玉兵[3] 张永春[1,2] 孙翊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海201403 [2]上海花卉工程技术研究中心(筹),上海201303 [3]三峡大学生物技术研究中心,宜昌443002

出　　处：《植物研究》2015年第4期504-508,共5页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：上海市科委重点科技攻关项目(11391901001);上海市种业发展项目(沪农科种字(2013)第9号);上海市科委崇明岛专项(14391908102);上海市科委技术中心建设专项(14DZ2251500)

摘　　要：选用石蜡切片法观察了彩色马蹄莲品种‘Majestic Red’的大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育的过程。研究结果表明:彩色马蹄莲的胚珠为倒生,具双珠被、厚珠心和珠被绒毡层。大孢子母细胞的减数分裂后形成的四分体为直线型或T型排列,合点端的大孢子发育成为功能大孢子,其余3个大孢子则退化,表明胚囊发育方式为单孢子发生的蓼型胚囊。观察到每个雄花花药多数,花粉囊呈蝶形,每侧有2个小孢子囊。花药壁由外到内分别为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,其中绒毡层为变形绒毡层类型。在小孢子形成时,胞质分裂属于连续型,小孢子排列成十字形的四分体,成熟花粉则为二胞花粉粒。We studied the megasporogensis, microsporogensis and the development of female and male gametophytes of Zantedeschia ＇ Majestic Red＇ through traditional paraffin sections. The ovule was anatropous, bi-integument, and crassinucellar with integument tapeta. The megaspore mother cell meiosis formed a linear megaspore tetrad. The chalazal end megaspore developed into the embryo sac mother cell, which developed to Polygonum type embryo-sac, another 3 megaspores degenerated. Each stamen had 2 - 3 anthers, with butterfly-shaped pollen sacs, ach side with 2 small sporangial. The wall of anther was completely developed, which consisted of four layers： epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and tapetum. The tapetum was deformation type. The cytokinesis of microspore mother cell during meiosis was simuhaneaous type. Microspore tetrads were mainly cross, and the pollen grains had 2-celled when shed.

关 键 词：彩色马蹄莲 大孢子发生 小孢子发生 雌配子体 雄配子体 

分 类 号：S682.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]