鞋跟高度对青年女性下楼梯步态的影响  

The influence of heel height on gait of young females during stair descent

作　　者：时会娟 吴肖洁 李翰君[1] 刘卉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动生物力学教研室,北京100084

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2015年第3期256-263,共8页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

摘　　要：目的研究鞋跟高度对青年女性下楼梯步态的影响,分析女性穿高跟鞋下楼梯时的风险因素。方法利用红外高速运动捕捉系统测试17名青年女性穿4种不同鞋跟高度皮鞋下楼梯的步态,计算受试者的步态时空参数和下肢关节角度。结果与穿平跟鞋相比,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋下楼梯时步态周期增大,支撑相和双支撑相所占步态周期比例减小,步宽显著减小。与穿平跟鞋相比,穿5、7 cm高跟鞋下楼梯时踝关节矢状面内关节活动幅度均较小,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋时踝关节水平面内关节活动幅度均较大。穿3、5 cm高跟鞋时膝关节矢状面内关节活动度显著小于穿平跟鞋,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋时膝关节水平面内关节活动幅度显著大于穿平跟鞋。穿5、7 cm高跟鞋时髋关节最大屈曲角度显著大于穿平跟鞋,穿3、5、7 cm高跟鞋时髋关节最小屈曲角度显著大于穿平跟鞋。结论随着鞋跟高度的增加,下楼梯时摆动期占步态周期百分比和步态周期都增大,而支撑相占步态周期百分比、双支撑相(后期)占步态周期百分比和步宽都减小,增加了下楼梯时跌倒的危险;同时,踝、膝关节矢状面内的关节活动幅度逐渐减小,水平面内的关节活动幅度增大。研究结果有助于深入了解鞋跟高度对穿着者下楼梯步态的影响特征和规律,为分析下楼时可能出现的损伤危险提供依据。Objective To investigate the effects of heel heights on gait of young women when going downstairs, and analyze the injury risk of women wearing high-heeled shoes during stair descent. Methods The gait from 17 young women wearing shoes with 4 different heel heights during their stair descent was measured by infrared high-speed motion capture system. The subjects＇ temporal parameters of gait and 3D joint angles of lower ex- tremity were calculated and analyzed. Results Compared with flat shoes, the gait cycle increased when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes during stair descent, and the stance phase proportion and double-support stance phase proportion decreased, while the step width also decreased evidently. For 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle range of motion （ROM） in the sagittal plane would reduce significantly, and for all the 3 cm, .5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle ROM in transverse plane would increase during stair descent. Wearing 3 cm, 5 cm high-heeled shoes could make the knee ROM in the sagittal plane significantly reduce, while wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the knee ROM in the transverse plane would increase evidently. Wearing 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the maximum hip flexion angle was greater than that of wearing flat shoes, and the minimum hip flexion angle would be also greater when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes. Conclusions During stair descent, with the increase of heel heights, the gait cycle and swing phase proportion increase, while the stance phase proportion, double-support stance phase proportion and step width decrease, which will raise the risk of falling. Meanwhile, the knee and ankle ROMs in sagittal plane decrease gradually, while those in transverse plane come to increase. The research findings can help to further understand the influence of heel heights on gait characteristics and patterns during stair descent and provide reference for possible injury risk analysis.

关 键 词：高跟鞋 平跟鞋 下楼梯 步态分析 支撑相 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]