儿童急性化脓性扁桃体炎和急性鼻窦炎的病原菌分布及药物敏感性  

Distribution and susceptibility to cefditoren of pathogens causing acute suppurative tonsillitis and acute sinusitis in children

作　　者：杨洋[1] 胡付品[1] 朱德妹[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属华山医院抗生素研究所,卫生部抗生素临床药理重点实验室,上海200040

出　　处：《中国感染与化疗杂志》2015年第4期316-323,共8页Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

基　　金：国家科技部“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2012ZX09303004-001)

摘　　要：目的了解儿童急性化脓性扁桃体炎和急性鼻窦炎的病原学分布及头孢托仑等对分离得到的病原菌的抗菌作用。方法采用传统的细菌分离鉴定方法和分子生物学方法对分离获得的细菌进行鉴定,采用微量稀释法对分离获得的细菌进行头孢托仑等抗菌药物的体外敏感性测定。结果肺炎链球菌(27.2%)、流感嗜血杆菌(25.2%)、金黄色葡萄球菌菌(金葡菌,21.8%)、卡他莫拉菌(19.7%)是引起儿童上呼吸道疾病的主要病原菌;头孢托仑对甲氧西林敏感金葡菌(MSSA)、肺炎链球菌包括青霉素敏感和中介株(PSSP和PISP)、化脓链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌均具有良好的抗菌活性。传统的细菌分离鉴定方法和分子生物学方法对肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌的鉴定结果基本一致。结论头孢托仑对肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌和金葡菌具有良好的抗菌作用,可用于治疗上述各类敏感菌引起的儿童呼吸道感染。Objective To understand the etiology of acute suppurative tonsillitis and acute sinusitis in children and susceptibility to cefditoren. Methods Bacterial pathogens were isolated from the children with acute suppurative tonsillitis and acute sinusitis and identified by both traditional and molecular methods. Susceptibility testing was carried out with cefditoren and other antibiotics by broth microdilution method. Results S. pneumoniae （27. 2%）, H. influenzae （25.2%）, S. aureus （21.8%） and M. catarrhalis （19. 7%） were the major pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in children. Cefditoren showed strong antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, including penicillin susceptible and intermediate strains, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. The bacterial identification results by traditional method were basically consistent with the results by molecular method for both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Conclusions Cefditoren has good activity against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. aureus. It is an appropriate treatment for respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria in children.

关 键 词：急性化脓性扁桃体炎 儿童 急性鼻窦炎 病原学 头孢托仑 药敏试验 

分 类 号：R766.18[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R765.41[医药卫生—临床医学]