乌鲁木齐市大气降尘中重金属来源分析  

Source of heavy metals in atmospheric dust pollutants on Urumqi City

作　　者：魏疆[1] 张海珍[2] 张克磊[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]重庆工程职业技术学院,重庆400037 [3]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2015年第3期463-468,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41161074)

摘　　要：采用均匀布点的原则,在乌鲁木齐市不同区域采集大气降尘样本,通过ICP-AES测定了样本中Cu、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Li的重金属含量。计算了重金属元素的富集因子指数,同时采用因子分析方法探讨了重金属的来源。结果表明:所测的重金属中,除Mn元素外,均受到人为源的干扰。其中贡献率从大到小依次为:风沙扬尘28.95%,燃煤26.13%,石化工业18.85%,金属冶炼15.30%,其他源贡献约为10.78%。说明乌鲁木齐市的大气环境质量受风沙扬尘影响很大,防空风沙和建筑扬尘对改善大气环境质量非常重要。煤烟型污染依然严重,调整能源结构是治理大气污染的当务之急,减少石化和金属冶炼工业的排放也是刻不容缓工作。Atmospheric pollution is serious in Urumqi City,Xinjiang,China,and atmospheric dusts are significantly different in different areas. In order to investigate the effect of urban atmospheric dust on human health hazards,the 12 atmospheric dust sampling sites were selected in different areas of the city using the principle of uniformity of distribution. The collective and analysis procedure of the sample point settings and samples are in accordance with the State Environmental Protection Department of the ambient air determination of dust. After the pretreatment of the sample collection,using ICP-AES method,the contents of heavy metals such as Cu,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn,Cd,Pb,As and Li contained in the samples were measured. In order to fully reflect the level of heavy metal pollution in Urumqi,the paper has calculated the obtained data by the arithmetic mean. The sources of heavy metals were discussed by using factor analysis on the basis of the enrichment factor index to determine the impact of natural sources and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in the situation. The results showed that all the heavy metals,in addition to Mn elements,are subject to human interference sources,and the enrichment of heavy metals is in descending order：Fe 〉 As 〉 Pb 〉 Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Li 〉 Cr 〉 Mn. Furthermore,the sources contribution rate of heavy metal elements in descending order are as follows：sand and dust 28.95%,coal 26.13%,petrochemical industry 18.85%,metal smelting 15.30%,other sources contribute rate is about 10.78%;All of the results indicated that in Urumqi City smoke pollution is still serious. In order to adjust the energy structure,it is imperative to control air pollution,cut down and control the building sand and dust,and reduce emissions petrochemical and metal smelting industry as well. The present study objectively investigated the pollution levels of heavy metals and the main source,but there are still some deficiencies,they are mainly as follows：as the functional areas and the industrial la

关 键 词：环境污染 重金属 富集因子 因子分析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]