甘肃短时强降水天气若干环境参数特征分析  

Short-time heavy precipitation characteristics of several environmental parameters of Gansu Province

作　　者：付双喜[1] 何金梅 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省人工影响天气办公室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省气象服务中心,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2015年第3期469-477,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学研究基金计划项目(1208RJZA);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306006)共同资助

摘　　要：利用甘肃省2005-2013年81个气象站逐时降水量、2012-2013年全省区域站雨量及部分探空资料,分析甘肃省短时强降水天气地域分布及环境参数特征,结果表明∶(1)甘肃省短时强降水天气全省均有出现,但主要出现在河东地区,以庆阳北部和陇南居多。(2)合成T-Log P图上各站低层有暖平流、高层有冷平流;平凉(20∶00)、武都(08∶00、20∶00)温湿曲线呈明显"漏斗"状。(3)短时强降水出现时,K指数、SI指数、CAPE、CIN、各特殊层的高度、静力稳定度及各层的温度露点差在不同区域均表现出不同的特征。上述结果为短时强降水的短时或短期潜势预报可提供参考。Based on the hourly precipitation data from 2005 to 2013 of 81 local weather stations,precipitation data of all regional stations and data of four sounding stations（Yuzhong,Hezuo,Wudu,Pingliang）from 2012 to2013 in Gansu province,we analyzed the short-time severe precipitation spatial distribution and environmental parameters characters. The results show that even though the short-time severe precipitation may occur in the whole area of Gansu province,Hedong region,especially at Longnan area and the north of Qingyang area,is the main heavy-rain area. In arid Hexi area,the rainstorms occur fewer times but usually cause great natural disasters and make heavy losses that we should pay more attention to the severe precipitation forecast. Synthesis T-Log P graph shows that warm advection in lower level and cold advection in higher level at all weather stations. The obviously funnel-shaped temperature-humidity curve on Pingliang（20∶00）and Wudu（08∶00,20∶00）reflect the upside dry and underside wet atmosphere stratification with lower lifting condensation level. There is a positive atmospheric instabilities power areas on all T-Log P except for Pingliang（08∶00）and Hezuo（20∶00）. That K≥35 ℃and SI≤2 ℃ at Pingliang station,K≥40 ℃ and SI≤0 ℃ at Wudu station can be regarded properly as one of the short-time severe local precipitation weather forecast index. When most short-time severe precipitation happens,at the same time CAPE≤500 J·kg-1,CIN≤100 J·kg-1（CIN≤200 J·kg-1 in Yuzhong station）. The altitude of0 ℃ and-20 ℃ in short-time severe precipitation weather is approximately 1km higher than in hailstorm weather.The K index,SI index,CAPE,CIN and Height,static stability and dew point temperature difference appears various characters at different layers. We believe the above results may be very helpful for forecaster in short-time severe precipitation weather forecasting.

关 键 词：短时强降水 T-LogP图 环境参数 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]