咸水滴灌下塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤盐分分布特征分析  

Salt distribution characteristics of Taklimakan Desert highway shelterbelt under saline water drip-irrigation

作　　者：窦凯歌[1,2] 王永东[1] 雷加强[1] 赵英[1] 贾萌萌[1,2] 沈芳宇 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2015年第3期576-584,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271341;41030530);中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田分公司综合项目(971012080007)

摘　　要：对塔里木沙漠公路防护林地进行实地取样分析,研究咸水滴灌条件下土壤盐分变化规律及其离子分布特征。试验采用5个矿化度水平的咸水灌溉处理:29.70(1号井),25.90(2号井),20.99(8号井),16.95(14号井)和5.75 g·L-1(18号井)。试验结果表明:咸水滴灌对土壤盐分含量和离子组成有显著影响,土壤积盐程度随灌溉水矿化度的增大而加剧,土壤盐分组成以Cl-、Na+和SO42-为主;不同盐分离子在土壤剖面上的分布特征不同,Cl-、Na+、Mg2+和SO42-四种离子的分布较一致,在垂直滴头向下方向浓度最低,远离滴头径向浓度逐渐增大,Ca2+和HCO3-在剖面上的分布存在明显的不一致性,在水平方向上远离滴头HCO3-离子浓度向上层聚集,Ca2+则表现为向下层淋溶。研究结果对极端干旱区高矿化度咸水的合理开发利用及防护林的可持续发展具有理论意义和应用价值。The paper investigated the soil salinity and the distribution characteristics of different salt ions for the soils under drip irrigation with saline water in Taklimakan Desert highway shelterbelt,Xinjiang,China. The experiment included five treatments,in which controlled with the different mineralization degrees of irrigation water were：29.70（Well No.1）,25.90（Well No.2）,20.99（Well No.8）,16.95（Well No.14）and 5.75 g·L-1（Well No.18）,respectively. The results showed that salt content and soil ion composition were significantly affected by saline water irrigation. Soil salinity increased with increasing irrigation water salinity levels. Depending on irrigation water chemistry,soil salinity composition was dominated by Cl-,Na＋and SO42-. The distribution characteristics of different salt ions in soil profiles were different. While Cl-,Na＋,Mg2＋and SO42-had relatively uniform distributions in soil profiles,i.e.,their concentration was the lowest in the vertically downward direction of emitters and was increased with the distance away from emitters’ radial direction,the distribution of Ca2 ＋and HCO3-in soil profiles were significantly different. In the horizontal direction,with the distance away from emitters,HCO3-manifested as gathering to the upper layers,while Ca2 ＋showed up as leaching into the deeper soil layers. The results have a theoretical and applicable value for the reasonable development and utilization of the saline water as well as the sustainable development of the sheltering forest in extremely arid region.

关 键 词：咸水 滴灌 盐分离子 塔里木沙漠公路防护林 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]