营造可持续室内空气环境:问题、思考和建议  

Developing a sustainable indoor air environment: Problems, considerations and suggestions

作　　者：张寅平[1] 莫金汉[1] 程瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑技术科学系,北京100084

出　　处：《科学通报》2015年第18期1651-1660,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51136002;51476013;51478235)资助

摘　　要：人们在室内环境的时间超过80%,室内空气环境质量对人的健康、舒适和工作效率影响很大.近20多年来,我国经历了快速的城镇化进程和经济发展,城市建筑面积持续高速增长,在人们生活水平不断提高的同时,也出现了一系列室内空气环境问题:建筑能耗不断攀升,加剧了我国能源供需矛盾和大气污染问题;人们对室内空气环境质量的要求越来越高,在一些地区要采用传统思路和方法满足这些要求会面临能源供给不足和环境容量有限的刚性约束;大气污染和室内材料散发的污染物降低了室内空气质量、危害人们健康.本文以目前国际上特别是我国室内空气环境的若干典型问题为例,分析它们产生的原因,指出其中一些尚未解决的关键科学和技术问题,基于文献调研和作者自身的科研实践和思考,提出要营造我国以"健康、适用和节能"为特征的可持续室内空气环境需要新思路和新方法,并提出一些可供讨论或参考的建议.People spend over 80% of their lives in indoor environments. The indoor air environment is very important to human health, comfort and working efficiency. In the past two decades, China has experienced very rapid urbanization and economic development. Building areas have developed very rapidly during this period, and the quality of life has continuously improved. However, there are serious problems of the indoor air environment： （1） Building energy consumption continues to increase, which aggravates ambient air pollution. （2） People in regions without central space heating systems desire indoor heating in winter to be thermally comfortable. In such regions, use of the same techniques and standards as in northern China is unacceptable, owing to energy supply and environmental capacity limitations. （3） Air pollutants of outdoor or indoor origin degrade indoor air quality, which is harmful to human health. Taking several typical problems of the indoor air environment as examples, the present paper analyzes causes of those problems and indicates certain unsolved scientific and technical issues underlying them. Based on the literature and some of our own considerations, we assert that new approaches to such problems are needed to develop a sustainable indoor air environment that has ＂healthy, thermally comfortable/acceptable, and energy-efficient＂ features. Suggestions for further discussion are presented.

关 键 词：建筑环境 建筑节能 暖通空调 热舒适 室内空气质量 建筑通风 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]