大型工业建筑中高温含尘气流的流动规律及控制方法  

Flow and control method of high-temperature dusty airflow in large industrial building

作　　者：王怡[1] 黄艳秋[1] 杨洋[1] 张鸿雁[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《科学通报》2015年第18期1690-1697,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会创新研究群体科学基金(51221865);国家杰出青年科学基金(51425803);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51238010)资助

摘　　要：在工业生产中,粉尘是最主要的有害物形式,对建筑空气环境质量和作业工人健康的危害最大,尘肺病近年来一直呈现非常高的增长率,且占新增职业病病例总数的80%以上.在大型工业建筑中,室内粉尘释放量大,强污染源与强热源经常并存,室内气流流动影响因素复杂.为提高大型工业建筑室内环境质量并降低工业建筑能耗,必须依据高温含尘气流流动特性,进一步提高工业通风系统对粉尘的控制能效.本文介绍了模型实验和数值模拟两类研究手段用于工业建筑高温含尘气流研究的基本方法,分析了两者在不同研究内容方面的适用性以及相互补充关系.以大型冶金钢铁企业厂房为例,分别通过模型实验和数值模拟手段,针对大型工业建筑的典型源项特点和限制条件,阐明了高温含尘气流流动的基本特性,揭示了通风系统风量与捕集效率之间的非线性规律,分析了两类研究手段的相互补充关系,提出了提高含尘气流捕集效率的途径.通过案例分析表明,利用不断发展的实验测试条件和数值模拟技术,将有助于完善精细化设计的基础理论,并推动相应的高效通风技术应用于工程实际.In industrial production, dust is the main contaminant that is greatly hazardous to indoor air quality and workers＇ health. The ratio of the number of new pneumoconiosis cases to the total number of new occupational disease cases was over 80% from 2009 to 2013. Due to the huge emission of dust and the coexistence of high-temperature heat sources and strong pollution sources, the influence factors of indoor airflow in large industrial buildings are very complicated. To improve the indoor air quality of large industrial buildings and reduce industrial energy consumption, the control efficiency of dust for industrial ventilation systems should be improved based on the flow characteristics of the high-temperature dusty airflow. This paper presents two basic approaches of an experiment and a numerical simulation for high-temperature dusty airflow in industrial buildings and analyzes the applicability of the two different methods. Taking a large metallurgical iron and steel plant as an example, the model experiment and numerical simulation were conducted according to the typical characteristics of the source terms and restrictions in a large industrial building. The basic flow characteristics of high-temperature airflow with dust were discussed, and the nonlinear mechanics of the capture efficiency and ventilation flow rate were examined. In addition, the complementary relationship between the two types of research methods was analyzed, and solutions to improve the capture efficiency of the airflow with dust were proposed. It was found that there were two peaks on both sides of the vertical velocity components of the airflow. This may have been due to the negative pressure on both sides being greater than in the middle of the exhaust hood because of the suction effect of the exhaust ducts on both sides. The heat source close to the wall might have caused a Coand~ effect, which led to an excursion of the temperature peak between the heat source and the exhaust hood. The relationship between the hood size and the dust

关 键 词：大型工业建筑 高温 含尘气流 通风 流动规律 捕集效率 

分 类 号：TU834[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]