体视学在神经科学研究领域中的应用  

Application of Stereology in Neuroscience Research

作　　者：唐闻晶 马登磊 李林[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院药物研究室北京脑重大疾病研究院

出　　处：《神经药理学报》2014年第5期24-29,共6页Acta Neuropharmacologica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81273498);北京市科技专项项目(No.Z131102002813066)

摘　　要：体视学的基础是将复杂的几何学原理与统计学理论相结合。"基于设计的体视学"在神经科学实验研究中的应用,弥补了传统病理学在定量方面的不足,而成为该领域里的热点研究方法。如何实现研究目的区的体积测量、细胞(神经元、胶质细胞等)的计数、上述细胞或其内的亚细胞结构(胞核、线粒体等)的平均体积的估测、线性结构(神经纤维、血管等)长度的测量、阳性细胞的空间分布情况等逐渐成为研究焦点。该文综述了基于设计的体视学在神经科学研究中的应用,体视学对配套实验设备的要求,符合体视学要求的取样方法,对切片方向的要求及常用体视学参数。Stereology is a science based on the principles of geometry and statistics. Recently, design-based stereology has been applied in the experimental research of neuroscience, which makes up the weakness of traditional histopathology in morphological quantitation. The questions of how to measure the volume of regions of interest （ROI）, the number of cells （neurons and glial cells）within ROI,the average volume of these cells and their subcellular structure （nuclear,mitochondria）,the length of linear biological structures （nerve fibers and vessels）, and the spatial distribution of positive cells within ROI have gradually become the research foci. This article reviewed the application of design-based stereology in neuroscience research, the requirements to the experimental equipments, the sampling techniques and the directions of sectioning in stereological approach, and the commonly used stereological parameters.

关 键 词：设计 体视学 定量测量 研究目的区 中枢神经系统 

分 类 号：R964[医药卫生—药理学]