Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated Soil Using Amendments: A Review  

作　　者：Amanullah MAHAR WANG Ping LI Ronghua ZHANG Zengqiang 

机构地区：[1]College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University [2]Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh

出　　处：《Pedosphere》2015年第4期555-568,共14页土壤圈（英文版）

摘　　要：Since the inception of industrial revolution, metal refining plants using pyrometallurgical processes have generated the prodigious emissions of lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd). As the core target of such pollutants, a large number of soils are nowadays contaminated over widespread areas, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Unlike organic pollutants, Pb and Cd do not undergo chemical or microbial breakdown and stay likely in site for longer duration after their release. Immobilization is an in-situ remediation technique that uses cost-effective soil amendments to reduce Pb and Cd availability in the contaminated soils. The Pb and Cd contamination in the soil environment is reviewed with focus on source enrichment, speciation and associated health risks, and immobilization options using various soil amendments. Commonly applied and emerging cost-effective soil amendments for Pb and Cd immobilization include phosphate compounds, liming, animal manure, biosolids, metal oxides, and biochar. These immobilizing agents could reduce the transfer of metal pollutants or residues to food web(plant uptake and leaching to subsurface water) and their long-term sustainability in heavy metal fixation needs further assessment.Since the inception of industrial revolution, metal refining plants using pyrometallurgical processes have generated the prodigious emissions of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd）. As the core target of such pollutants, a large number of soils are nowadays contaminated over widespread areas, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Unlike organic pollutants, Pb and Cd do not undergo chemical or microbial breakdown and stay likely in site for longer duration after their release. Immobilization is an in-situ remediation technique that uses cost-effective soil amendments to reduce Pb and Cd availability in the contaminated soils. The Pb and Cd contamination in the soil environment is reviewed with focus on source enrichment, speciation and associated health risks, and immobilization options using various soil amendments. Commonly applied and emerging cost-effective soil amendments for Pb and Cd immobilization include phosphate compounds, liming, animal manure, biosolids, metal oxides, and biochar. These immobilizing agents could reduce the transfer of metal pollutants or residues to food web （plant uptake and leaching to subsurface water） and their long-term sustainability in heavy metal fixation needs further assessment.

关 键 词：BIOAVAILABILITY BIOCHAR BIOSOLIDS heavy metal public health REMEDIATION soil extraction 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S156[农业科学—土壤学]