我国北方不同饲养模式下奶牛饲粮对体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响  

Effect of Typical Dairy Diets in Northern China on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics in Vitro

作　　者：张婷[1,2] 张佩华[2] 陈宇光[2] 周小乔[1] 田瑶[2] 刘士杰[3] 张开展 卜登攀[1,5,6] WILLIAM P.Weiss 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,长沙410128 [3]中国饲料工业协会,北京100125 [4]北京中地种畜有限公司,北京100028 [5]东北农业大学,食品安全与营养协同创新中心,哈尔滨150030 [6]中国农业科学院-与世界农用林业中心农用林业与可持续畜牧业联合实验室,北京100193 [7]俄亥俄州立大学,俄亥俄州农业研究与发展中心,动物科学系,美国伍斯特44691

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第7期2256-2263,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：“十二五”科技支撑计划(2012BAD12B02-5);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS07);动物营养与饲料基础数据的整合与应用(2013ywf-zd-3)

摘　　要：本试验采用体外产气法,研究我国北方3种饲养模式下奶牛饲粮对体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响。选取苜蓿、玉米青贮、玉米秸秆、豆粕为主要原料配制3种精粗比一致的不同饲养模式下奶牛饲粮,MF组模拟规模化牛场,粗饲料来源为苜蓿和玉米青贮,CSA组模拟养殖小区,粗饲料来源为玉米秸秆,CSB组模拟散养户,与CSA组粗饲料一致,使用杂粕(菜籽粕、棉籽粕、甜菜渣)代替豆粕与大豆。采用体外产气法体外培养饲粮48h结合动态产气实时记录技术,测定饲粮48h累积产气量、发酵动力学参数以及体外瘤胃发酵指标。结果表明:MF组的体外干物质降解率显著高于CSA组,CSA组显著高于CSB组(P<0.05);MF组与CSA组的48h累积产气量差异不显著(P<0.05),但均显著高于CSB组(P<0.05);各组间总挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮浓度均差异不显著(P<0.05),CSB组微生物蛋白浓度有低于MF、CSA组的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,玉米秸秆代替玉米青贮、苜蓿降低了饲粮干物质降解率;杂粕代替豆粕降低了体外发酵48h累积产气量及体外干物质降解率,而对其他瘤胃的发酵指标没有显著影响。In vitro gas production method was performed to examine the effects of 3 typical dairy diets in northern China on ruminal fermentation characteristics in vitro. Alfalfa, corn silage and corn stover as main raw materials were used to make up 3 diets of different farming modes with the same concentrate/roughage. Diet in MF group was analog to that of large-scale farm, and the roughage was corn silage and alfalfa; diet in CSA group was analog to that of dairy plot, the roughage was corn stover; diet in CSB group was analog to that of dairy scatter breeding, the roughage was the same with CSA group, while soybean and soybean meal were replaced by mixed meal （ rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and sugar beet pulp）. In vitro gas production incubated 48 h combined with the technique of real time recording of gas production were used to determine 48 h cumulative gas production, fermentation kinetic parameters and fermentation characteristic indexes.The results showed as follows： in vitro dry matter degradability was significantly higher in MF group than in CSA group （P 〈 0.05） , and CSA group was significantly higher than CSB group （ P〈0.05 ） ; 48 h cumulative gas production in MF and CSA groups was not significantly different （P〈0.05）, and was significantly higher than that in CSB group （P〈0.05） ; the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen were not significantly different among all groups （P〈0.05）, and microbial protein concentration tended to be lower in CSB group than in MF and CSA groups （P〉0,05）. Thus, corn stover used as roughage source instead of alfalfa and corn silage can decrease in vitro dry matter degradability; mixed meal used as protein source instead of soybean and soybean meal can improve 48 h accumulative gas production and in vitro dry matter degradability, but can not affect other ruminal fermentation parameters.

关 键 词：粗饲料来源 微生物蛋白 产气量 体外瘤胃发酵 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]