2013年盛夏中国中东部高温天气的成因分析  

Diagnostic study of the severe high temperature event over Mid-East China in 2013 summer

作　　者：邹海波 吴珊珊[2] 单九生 王四化[3] 

机构地区：[1]江西省气象灾害应急预警中心,南昌330046 [2]江西省气候中心,南昌330046 [3]广州市气象局,广州511430

出　　处：《气象学报》2015年第3期481-495,共15页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41265003);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106003);江西省科技厅项目(20111BBG70031-1)

摘　　要：为了研究2013年盛夏中国中东部地区异常高温天气的成因,根据中国191个站地面观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,利用热力学方程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,非绝热加热(主要是长波净辐散)是夏季中国中东部地区升温最为主要的因子,但2013年盛夏中国中东部地区温度异常偏高(距平)主要是由中低层异常偏强(相对常年平均)的下沉运动造成的,偏强的非绝热加热也有一定的贡献,而异常的温度平流(冷平流)则起着负贡献。结合天气形势分析发现,500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)偏强、偏西、偏北和200 hPa南亚高压偏强、偏东、偏北是造成2013年盛夏中国中东部地区中低层下沉运动偏强的主要原因,偏强的下沉运动又会使空中云雨减少,地表吸收的太阳短波辐射偏强,地表温度偏高,地表向上的感热通量和长波辐射也随之增大。结合海表温度的分析发现,2013年盛夏西太副高偏强、偏西、偏北主要是由赤道西太平洋地区、黑潮地区和北半球西风漂流区海面温度异常偏高造成的。With the 191 stations observation data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,a diagnosis is carried out for the abnor-mal high temperature event over Mid-East China （MEC）during 2013.The results show that the temperature anomaly is mainly associated with the abnormal diabatic heating （sinking motion）,although the diabatic heating （net long wave radiation flux） was an important process contributed to the warming during summer over MEC.The corresponding weather pattern analyses indicate that the extreme intensity,northward and westward extension of the Western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH）and ex-treme intensity and northward extension of the 200 hPa South Asian high are the main reasons for the strong sinking motion o-ver MEC.The strong sinking motion reduces the clouds and rain therein with the surface obtains more solar radiations.With the surface temperature increasing,the diabatic heating （upward sensible heat flux and upward longwave radiation）are in-creased.The analysis of the sea surface temperature shows that the extreme intensity,northward and westward extension of the WPSH is mainly caused by the unusually high SST in the equatorial western Pacific,the westerly wind drift region and the Kuroshio Current area.

关 键 词：高温 下沉运动 非绝热加热 哈得来环流 海表温度 

分 类 号：P457.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]