中国特产2种濒危水韭雄性发育的比较研究  

Comparative Study about Development of Microgametopyte of Two Endangered Endemic Quillwort Species in China

作　　者：李晓东[1] 谭桂娟 李小溪[1] 刘保东[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,哈尔滨150025 [2]北京吉鼎立达生物科技有限公司,北京101105

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第6期1142-1147,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170294)

摘　　要：采用透射电镜和光镜比较观察了中华水韭和云贵水韭雄配子体及其精子的发育特征。结果显示：（1）2种水韭的雄配子体的寿命只有15~30d,终生都在小孢子壁内发育。（2）雄配子体只含有1个原叶体细胞、1个精子器壁细胞和4个精细胞,前2个细胞内含有丰富的营养物质。（3）精子由精核、微管带、鞭毛、细胞质等4部分构成。（4）中华水韭雄配子体发生率为4.5%,平均每个雄配子体产生0.46个精子,精子游动速度约53μm/s,寿命8min;云贵水韭雄配子体发生率和产精量略高于中华水韭,但精子游动速度和寿命略低于中华水韭。研究认为,中国水韭濒危的主要原因之一是雄配子体产精率低、受到生殖生态限制、水污染对精子的危害等;雄性特征表明水韭在石松类中占有较高的进化地位;结合前人的研究成果绘出了水韭雄配子体的发育模式。Transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy are used to view the development of microga-metophyte and sperm in Isoetes sinensis and I.yunguiensis.The results show that：（1）lifetime of microgametophyte in the two quillwort species are only 15-30 d,live in sporoderm all life;（2）male gametophyte are consistes of 1 prothallial cell,1 antheridium wall cell and 4 sperm cells.There are plentiful inclusion in prothallial cell and antheridium wall cell;（3）sperm consists of nucleus,flagellum,microtubular ribbon and cytoplasm;（4）the gemination rate of microspore in I.sinensis is 4.5%,producting average 0.46 sperm per microgametophyte,swimming speed of sperm is 53 μm/s and lifetime of sperm is 8 min.The gemination rate of microspore and production of sperm in I.yunguiensis are higher than that in I.sinensis,but swimming speed and lifetime are lower than that of I.sinensis.The primary reason of endangerment of quillwort in China attributes to the low production rate of spermatozoid limit of reproduction and ecology and water pollution.According to the characteristics of male individual,Isoetes are higher than other Lycophytes.The development pattern of Isoetes male gametophytes was summarized.

关 键 词：中华水韭 云贵水韭 雄配子体 精子 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]