13种园林树种叶片解剖结构与其二氧化硫吸收能力的关系  

Leaf Structures and Relationship with SO_2-absorption Capacity of 13 Ornamental Trees

作　　者：宋彬[1] 王得祥[1] 张义[1] 刘红茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第6期1206-1214,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201104045)

摘　　要：在陕西延安设置空气污染程度不同（重度、轻度污染和对照）的样区,采集常见的13种园林树种叶片,测定其含硫量,并运用单因素方差分析和平均污染指数法评价它们的吸硫能力;同时,利用石蜡切片法和指甲油印法观察3个采样区各树种样叶12项叶片解剖结构指标,通过主成分分析和通径分析研究树种叶片解剖结构对其吸收积累二氧化硫能力的影响。结果表明：（1）不同树种在不同污染区对二氧化硫的吸收降解能力存在显著差异,相同污染情况下不同树种之间的含硫量和相对吸硫量也存在显著差异,13种园林树种的平均吸硫能力大小依次为：旱柳、垂柳、碧桃、桃树较强（2.64~2.15mg/g）,其次为紫叶李、国槐、龙爪槐、小叶黄杨（1.95~1.57mg/g）,紫丁香居中、红叶小檗、臭椿、白蜡、金叶女贞较弱（1.41~1.27mg/g）。（2）12项叶片解剖结构指标（叶厚、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅栏组织海绵组织厚度比、叶片结构紧实度、下表皮气孔密度、下表皮气孔长度、下表皮气孔宽度）在13种园林树种间差异显著,变化范围极大,具有较高灵敏度。（3）主成分分析表明,前4项主成分累计信息量已达87.875%,并从中选出叶片紧实度、上表皮角质层厚度、气孔宽度、下表皮角质层厚度、气孔密度和气孔长度6项贡献率较大的指标;通径分析显示,叶片的上表皮角质层厚度、叶片紧实度和气孔宽度对树种的吸收积累二氧化硫能力直接影响较大（直接通径系数分别为0.92、1.49和0.65）,但对叶片吸硫能力的间接作用均不强,而下表皮角质层厚度及气孔的密度和长度对叶片吸收积累二氧化硫有较大的间接影响,且间接作用远高于直接作用。因此,上述6项叶片解剖指标可以作为选择园林树种吸收降解二氧化硫能力In this study,leaves of thirteen common ornamental trees were collected form sampling sites with different pollution degrees in Yan’ an Municipality to determine the sulfur content in leaves using BaSO4 turbidimetry and spectrophotometer.One-way ANOVA analysis,average contaminative Index analysis were used to examine the absorption capacity of SO2 for Yan’an ornamental trees.The leaf anatomical structure of the thirteen species of ornamental trees from three sampling sites were observed with paraffin sectioning method and nail oil seal.The twelve anatomical indices were analyzed.Through the methods of principal components analysis and path coefficients analysis to evaluate how the leaf anatomical structure influence the SO2-absorption capacity.The results showed that：（1）with different pollution conditions,the SO2 absorption capacities of different species were significant difference,and the SO2 absorption capacity of same species in different pollution conditions were significant difference either.The order of average sulfur absorption capability of thirteen ornamental tree species in Yan’an was：Salix matsudana（2.64）〉Salix babylonica（2.28）〉Amygdalus persica var.duplex （2.20）〉Amygdalus persica（2.15）〉Prunus cerasifera cv.pissardii（1.95）〉Sophora japonica（1.73）〉Sophora japonica cv.pendula（1.67）〉Buxus sinica（1.57）〉Syringa oblata（1.41）.Berberis thunbergii cv.atropurpurea（1.41）〉Ailanthus altissima（1.30）〉Fraxinus chinensis（1.28）〉Ligustrum vicaryi（1.27）.（2）The twelve anatomical indices（thickness of leaves,thickness of upper epidermis,thickness of lower epidermis,cuticle thickness of upper epidermis,cuticle thickness of lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of spongy tissue,thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,compactness of leaf structure,stoma density of lower epidermis,stoma length of lower epidermis,stoma width of lower epidermis） had significant differences among thirteen species of ornamenta

关 键 词：园林树种 叶片 含硫量 解剖结构 吸硫能力 

分 类 号：Q948.116[生物学—植物学]