复水对旱后不同玉米品种植株生长恢复能力及其生理响应特性的影响  

Research on Rewatering Post-Drought Growth Recovery Capacity and Physiological Characteristics of Different Maize Varieties

作　　者：曹丹[1,2] 陈道钳 吴茜[1,2] 殷俐娜[1,4] 邓西平[1,4] 王仕稳[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨陵712100 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第6期1222-1228,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31101597);中国科学院西部之光项目

摘　　要：该研究选用2个抗旱能力相似但旱后恢复能力存在显著差异的玉米品种‘P3’和‘郑单958’为材料,采用盆栽称重控水法在苗期进行干旱及复水处理,通过测定其生长、水分状况、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数以及叶绿素含量在干旱及复水过程中的变化规律,探讨干旱及复水过程中生理生化响应与旱后恢复能力的关系。结果发现:(1)抗旱性相同的2个玉米品种在干旱复水后的生长恢复能力表现为‘P3’显著强于‘郑单958’。(2)干旱胁迫后,‘郑单958’和‘P3’的叶片相对含水量差异不显著,但‘P3’能维持较高的叶水势、PSⅡ最大光化学效率和叶绿素含量。(3)经干旱胁迫复水后,‘P3’的净光合速率,PSⅡ最大光化学效率和气孔导度恢复速度快于‘郑单958’,说明‘P3’光合损失恢复能力高于‘郑单958’。研究表明,玉米品种‘P3’的旱后复水生长恢复能力较强,因‘P3’在干旱胁迫下能维持较高的Fv/Fm值和叶绿素含量,光系统的损伤较轻,而且复水后也能较快的恢复;在干旱过程中减轻干旱胁迫对植物光合系统的伤害是旱后复水快速恢复生长的基础,而在复水后快速修复光系统损失能够加快植物复水的恢复速度。In this study,to explore the relationship of post-drought recovery capacity and physiological and biochemical response during drought and rewatering,we selected two maize varieties,‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘P3’ with similar drought resistance but different resilience as experiment materials.The changes of growth,water status,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content were studied with potted experiment during drought and rewatering at seedling stage.The results indicated that：（1）the two maize varieties showed similar drought resistance,but significantly different growth recovery capacity.（2）The leaf water content of ‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘P3’ demonstrated no significance during the drought period,but ‘P3’ maintained higher water potential,maximal efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry and chlorophyll content under drought conditions.（3）The recovery rate of photosynthetic rate,maximal efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry and stomatal conductance of ‘P3’ was quicker than that of ‘Zhengdan 958’ after drought and rehydration.Research showed that the photosynthetic loss recovery capacity of ‘P3’ was higher than that of ‘Zhengdan 958’.The reason why the recovery capability of ‘P3’ was stronger is because it can maintain higher Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content under drought,and the damage of photosynthetic systems was lighter,and also because the recovery was faster than ‘Zhengdan 958’ after rehydration.These results revealed that reducing damage of drought stress on plant photosynthetic systems is the basis of rapid recovery after rewatering,and the rapid of damaged photosynthetic systems to accelerate the recovery of plant after rewatering.

关 键 词：玉米 干旱 复水 旱后恢复能力 光合速率 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]