商业公司的建立与美国建国初期政治文化的转型  

The Setting up of Business Corporations and the Transition of Political Culture in Early America

作　　者：董瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近代史研究中心,讲师天津300071

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2015年第6期175-204,209,共30页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"美国早期政治文化的演变研究"(批准号12ASS001);教育部人文社科青年基金项目"美国建国初期商业公司的演变与政治文化的互动研究"(批准号12YJC770011);南开大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"美国建国初期关于商业公司的争论及其意义"(批准号NKZXB1437)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国革命后,各州政府在银行、交通、制造业和保险业等领域建立商业公司。这些商业公司被界定为公共机构,各州政府只允许少数社会精英参与商业公司的经营与管理。在相当一批建国精英看来,只有少数社会精英能超越个人利益,为公共利益服务。然而,建立商业公司的过程,交织着复杂的个人利益、党派利益与区域利益。商业公司的建立反映了建国初期"精英统治"思想与各种私利追求并存的复杂政治文化。更重要的是,强调精英治国的观念在政治领域和经济领域都遭到挑战,人们对各种私利的追求不仅是对古典共和话语的"解构",而且使这个时代政治文化发生意义深远的变化。After the American Revolutionary War,various state governments began to set up business corporations in banking,transportation,manufacturing industry,insurance,etc.These corporations were defined as public organizations,and state governments allowed only a few members of the elite to manage them.Only a few of the many elite founders of the new state were able to serve the public interest and transcend their own private interests.However,the process of setting up these companies involved personal,party and regional interests.Their establishment reflects a complex political culture in which ideas of rule by an elite coexisted with the pursuit of all kinds of private interests.More important is the fact that the stress on elite rule was challenged in both the political and the economic field.The pursuit of private interests not only represented the deconstruction of classic republican discourse,but also initiated profound changes in the political culture of the era.

关 键 词：商业公司 精英统治 公共利益 个人利益 美国革命 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]