北京市公共建筑集中空调冷却塔军团菌污染水平调查  

Investigation on Legionella contamination of central air conditioning system cooling tower in Beijing public buildings

作　　者：沈凡[1] 贾予平[1] 张屹[1] 赵锐[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,北京100013

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2015年第12期2013-2015,共3页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(7132055)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市公共建筑集中空调冷却塔军团菌污染水平。方法 2013年5月-2013年9月,选择本市5类16户大中型公共建筑冷却塔作为调查对象;每间隔2个~3个月采集冷却水样品并进行嗜肺军团菌实验室检测。结果采集冷却水样192件,嗜肺军团菌污染总体阳性率为34.4%;5月-9月冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为100.0%、22.9%、52.2%、39.6%和20.8%,各月之间冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=16.78,P〈0.05）;直接接触型（开放式）和间接接触型（封闭式）两类冷却塔嗜肺军团菌阳性率差异无统计学意义;酒店、商场、办公楼、医院和地铁车站等几类场所冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率分别为34.1%、40.5%、13.3%、61.1%和100.0%,不同类型公共建筑间冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性率存在差异（χ2=22.60,P〈0.05）。结论北京市公共建筑冷却塔军团菌污染较为严重;应结合冷却塔特征,特别是水处理方式等因素进一步综合分析。Objective To investigate Legionella contamination of central air conditioning system cooling tower in Beijing public buildings. Methods A total 16 cooling towers in 5 types of large and medium size public buildings,including hotels,shopping malls,office buildings,hospitals and subway stations,were investigated from May to September in 2013. Every 2- 3 months,cooling tower water samples were collected and be sent to laboratory for Legionella pneumophila testing. Results Among 192 cooling tower water samples,the overall positive rate of Legionella pneumophila was 34. 4%. Positive rates were 100. 0%,22. 9%,52. 2%,39. 6% and 20. 8% respectively from May to September,there was statistical significance on the difference among the months（ χ2= 16. 78,P〈0. 05）. No significant difference was observed between direct contact（ open type） and indirect contact（ closed type） of cooling tower. The positive rates of Legionella pneumophila in hotels,shopping malls,office buildings,hospitals and subway stations were 34. 1%,40. 5%,13. 3%,61. 1% and 100. 0%,respectively,and there was statistical significance on the difference of cooling towers among different types of public buildings（ χ2= 22. 60,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The Legionella contamination in cooling tower water of public buildings in Beijing is very severe. And it should be further analyzed combined with cooling tower characteristics,especially cooling water treatment ways.

关 键 词：公共建筑 冷却塔 军团菌 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]