底部渗灌条件下水肥对华北落叶松容器苗生长及基质pH值、电导率的影响  

Effects of Sub-Irrigation with Different Water and Fertilizer Supplies on Growth,Media pH and Electric Conductance of Containerized Larix principis-rupprechtii Seedlings

作　　者：奚旺[1] 刘勇[1] 马履一[1] 李国雷[1] 贾忠奎[1] 娄军山 胡家伟[1] 王琰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《林业科学》2015年第6期36-43,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：948计划项目(2012-4-66);林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201004021)

摘　　要：【目的】探索底部渗灌条件下华北落叶松容器育苗的最佳水肥组合，完善华北落叶松容器育苗技术，为规范底部渗灌技术下容器育苗提供科学参考。【方法】以华北落叶松播种容器苗为研究对象，采用完全随机区组设计，设5个灌水梯度、3个施肥浓度，共15个水肥处理，对华北落叶松容器苗培育1年，通过对苗木生物量及根系形态结构、基质化学性质等指标进行测定并与对照相比较，研究容器苗底部渗灌条件下不同水肥处理对华北落叶松苗木生长、根系形态结构及基质化学性质的影响，探讨水肥效应与苗木质量之间的关系，从而找出华北落叶松容器苗底部渗灌的最佳灌水量和缓释肥量。【结果】苗木生物量及根系形态指标均随灌水梯度及施肥量的增大呈先逐渐增大再减小的趋势；根冠比随水分梯度的增大逐渐减小，随施肥量的增加呈先增后减的趋势；底部渗灌条件下，华北落叶松当年生容器苗最佳水肥组合为75%灌水梯度和100 mg·株－1施氮量，此处理下的苗木生物量达到0.64 g·株－1，根系细根（0.0＜D≤0.5 mm）所占比例最大，根累计长度、根累计表面积和根累计体积分别为82%，62%和46%。各处理的基质 pH5.5～6.5之间，电导率0.75～2.0 mS·cm －1，均在苗木生长的适宜范围内。【结论】与上方灌溉相比，底部渗灌下适宜的水肥配比利于苗木根系的生长，细根更发达，利于苗木吸收营养，苗木质量明显提高；而且底部渗灌条件下育苗基质的 pH值、EC 值均在植物生长安全范围内，这为底部渗灌技术在我国造林树种容器育苗中的应用提供理论依据。Objective]The sub-irrigation is an effective irrigation method whereby water is moved upward into the growing medium by capillary action,in which water is allowed to be reused through a closed-circuit loop. This method can avoid nutrient leaching loss and whereby reduce environmental contamination and financial cost while producing high quality seedlings. Plant roots,as an important organs absorbing water and nutrients and synthesizing materials,have a direct influence on plant aboveground. However,the study on effects on container seedling cultivation technology with sub-irrigation is less in China. This study aims at finding the best combination treatments of irrigation and fertilization for the growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii container seedlings with sub-irrigation.[Method]In this study,L. principis-rupprechtii, an important forestation species in northern China,was used as the experimental material to study the effects of the sub-irrigation with different water and fertilizer supplies on morphological and physiological indexes of the containerized seedlings,and on pH and EC values of media by setting five irrigation gradients and three fertilization concentrations. The effects of the sub-irrigation with different water and fertilizer supplies on growth,media pH and EC values of containerized L. principis-rupprechtii seedlings were analyzed to determine the best combination treatment of irrigation and fertilization.[Result]The seedling biomass and root morphological index increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation water gradient and fertilization amount. The root shoot ratio gradually decreased with the moisture gradient increase,and first increased and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer. The results showed that watering with 75% of the field saturated water holding capacity and fertilizing with 100 mg slow release fertilizer （ N∶ P∶ K =13∶13∶13 ） per plant were the best combination in improving the development of containerized L. principis-rupprechtii seedlings.

关 键 词：底部渗灌 水肥 华北落叶松 容器苗 根系 基质 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]