对外话语如何“以言取效”  

How to Achieve Effect with Words

作　　者：袁莎[1] 

机构地区：[1]外交学院

出　　处：《国际论坛》2015年第4期52-58,81,共7页International Forum

摘　　要：建设卓有成效的国家对外话语体系需要思考如何"以言取效",即如何运用语言影响其他国家的决策、行为和观念。为此,本文提出"语言权力"的概念,认为国家不仅可以运用物质权力达到战略目标,也可以通过发挥语言权力"以言取效"。语言权力可以通过四种逻辑机制发挥作用,包括后果逻辑、恰当逻辑、修辞逻辑和争论逻辑,分别适用于目的行动、循规行动、戏剧行动和争论行动。而有效发挥语言权力还须满足亚里士多德提出的说服三诉求——人格诉求、情感诉求和逻辑诉求。本文通过深入探究语言权力的概念和逻辑机制,以期推进对外话语体系建设的理论研究。Building an effective foreign-oriented discourse system requires serious investigation into the way of achieving'perlocutionary'effect,i.e.how to use words to affect the decisions,behaviors and ideas of other states.This article proposes the concept of'language power',arguing that a state not only can use material power,but also can utilize language power to achieve national strategic goals.This article further proposes four logics of language power,namely logic of consequentialism,logic of appropriateness,logic of rhetoric,and logic of argumentation,in four types of interactive act,namely teleological action,normatively regulated action,dramaturgical action and communicative action respectively.The effective use of language power reguires the meeting of the three rhetorical appeals proposed by Aristotle—ethos,pathos and logos.This text aims at furthering the theoretical study of foreign-oriented discourse system by delving into the use of language power to achieve desired effects.

关 键 词：对外话语 以言取效 语言权力 说服诉求 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]