基于挑战-应答机制的量子密钥分发协议  

A quantum key distribution protocol based on challenge-response mechanism

作　　者：王海红[1,2] 赵生妹[2] 巩龙延[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学信息物理研究中心应用物理系,江苏南京210003 [2]南京邮电大学信号与信息处理研究院,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《量子电子学报》2015年第4期452-458,共7页Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61271238);江苏省青蓝工程基金;南京邮电大学校基金(XK0070913126)

摘　　要：基于BB84协议,利用挑战-应答机制,提出了一种量子密钥分发协议。发送方Alice和接收方Bob通过安全信道共享三个不同的Hash函数(H_1,H_2和H_3),以及随机比特串S_O^(AB)。在每次密钥分发时,Alice产生随机比特串S_r^A(挑战信息)和S_k^A(密钥),结合H_1和S_O^(AB),基于BB84协议产生光子串S_p^A;Alice将S_r^A和S_p^A发送给Bob,Bob接收到对应的S_r^B和光子串S_p^B;Bob利用S_r^B,结合H_1和S_O^(AB),基于BB84协议对光子串S_p^B进行测量得到S_k^B。理想情况下共享密钥S_r^A=S_r^B。另外,Bob利用S_r^B,S_k^B,S_O^(AB)及H_2产生应答序列S_2~B;Alice和Bob利用各自拥有的序列及H_3分别产生序列S_O^A和S_O^B,并对各自的S_O^(AB)做更新。在密钥分发过程中光子的利用率为100%,该协议既有BB84协议类似的安全性,又有单向身份认证功能。A quantum key distribution protocol based on BB84 protocol and a challenge-response mechanism was proposed.Through a secure channel,Alice and Bob have pre-shared three different Hash functions（denoted by H1,H2 and H3） and a random bit string SO^AB.Every time,Alice first generates two random bit strings Sr^A（challenge） and Sk^A（key）,then prepares a photon sequence Sp^A based on BB84 protocol using Sr^B,Sk^B,SO^AB and H1.Alice sends Sr^A and Sp^A to Bob and Bob receives the corresponding Sr^B and Sp^B.Bob measures Sp^B according to BB84 protocol and gets corresponding Sk^B.In the ideal case,Sk^A should be the same as Sk^B.Bob uses Sr^B,Sk^B,SO^AB and H2 to generate S2^B（response）.At last,Alice and Bob use their own sequences and H3 to generate SO^A and SO^B respectively,then they update their own SO^AB.In the proposed protocol,the utilization rate of photons is 100%.The security of the protocol is similar as that of the BB84 protocol.Furthermore,it is a one-way identification authentication protocol.

关 键 词：量子光学 量子密钥分发协议 挑战-应答机制 BB84协议 光子利用率 身份认证 

分 类 号：O431.2[机械工程—光学工程]