水稻田间育秧精密播种机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Precision Seeder for Rice Paddy Field Seedling

作　　者：马旭[1,2] 邝健霞[1] 齐龙[1,2] 梁仲维[1] 谭永炘 江立凯 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]南方稻田作物多熟制现代化生产协同创新中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第7期31-37,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：广东省科技计划资助项目(2014B020207002);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(201203059);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-01-33)

摘　　要：为提高田间育秧播种机的播种合格率和播种稳定均匀性,设计了一种适用于南方水稻田间育秧的精密播种机。在深入分析螺旋勺轮式播种器的播种原理,以及播种器行走控制系统的基础上,采用正交试验方法,研究了螺旋勺轮的凹槽深度、螺旋升角、播种器行走速度对播种合格率和空穴率的影响规律,得出杂交稻播种合格率和空穴率影响因素的最佳参数组合：凹槽深度h为3 mm、螺旋升角α为81.73°、播种器行走速度v为0.35 m/s。试验表明,采用闭环控制系统后的播种机播种杂交稻2-6粒/格合格率由87.14%提升到93.21%,常规稻3-8粒/格的播种合格率为92.14%,播种性能满足常规稻和杂交稻精密播种育秧的技术要求。Considering that the existing seedling seeder for rice paddy field adopts manual push and pull,and has large differences in sowing performance,a precision seeder which was suitable for seeding in southern rice paddy fields was designed so as to reduce the intensity of labor and to improve the sowing qualified rate,uniformity and stability. A control system of the walking seeder was developed,which used STC12C5608 AD single-chip microcomputer as the core control unit, PWM（ Pulse width modulation） as control output of motor speed. The whole system has realized speed feedback with pure P proportional closed control algorithm,so that sowing performance of the seeder was stable and sowing qualified rate was about 5% higher than manual push and pull. Based on further analysis of sowing mechanism of spiral grooved wheel device,as well as control system of the walking seeder,the orthogonal tests were conducted to further investigate the effects of these parameters on sowing performance： depth groove（ h）,lead angle（ α） of spiral grooved wheel and seeder speed（ v）. The results showed that the best operational parameter combination was that h of 3 mm,α of 81. 73°,v of 0. 35 m / s. Sowing performance tests based on the best parameter combination were done. After the control system was installed,the sowing qualified rate of hybrid rice（ 2 - 6 grains per grid） was improved from 87. 14% to93. 21%,and the inbred rice（ 3 - 8 grains per grid） was 92. 14%. Meanwhile,the empty rate of inbred rice was 0%,and the breakage rate was less than 0. 20%. The control system has achieved automatic control of sowing process for seedling precision seeder,and the sowing performance can greatly meet the agronomic requirements of precision seedling in rice paddy field for hybrid rice and inbred rice. This study lays research foundation of precision seeding technology for rice paddy field seedling.

关 键 词：水稻 田间育秧 精密播种机 控制系统 试验 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]