风幕式喷杆喷雾机玉米田间施药试验  

Experiment on Spraying Performance of Air-assisted Boom Sprayer in Corn Field

作　　者：王俊[1] 董祥[1] 严荷荣[1] 王锦江[1] 张铁 曾亚辉 

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [2]现代农装科技股份有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第7期79-84,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51405496);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助项目(201203025);'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAH29B04);土壤-植物-机器系统技术国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2014-SKL-04);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大资助项目(13KJA210001);镇江市科技计划资助项目(NY2012030)

摘　　要：针对常规喷雾方式农药利用率低、流失严重的问题,开展风幕式气流辅助喷雾技术研究。通过3WQ-3000型牵引式风幕喷杆喷雾机在玉米小喇叭口期进行的田间试验,确定施药作业中常用的4种型号(ST110-02、ST110-04、ST110-05、ST110-06)扇形雾喷头在0.4 MPa喷雾压力下,进行风幕对农药利用率、雾滴覆盖率和流失率的影响试验。试验结果表明,雾滴在玉米冠层上部的沉积量较大、下部较小;风幕能够增强雾滴的穿透性,增加喷雾药液的沉积量,使雾滴在植株各冠层的沉积分布更加均匀;风幕辅助气流对体积中径小雾滴影响明显,ST110-02喷头在使用风幕时比没有使用风幕农药利用率提高了83%;ST110-06号喷头在有风幕时农药利用率为41.93%,为各试验工况最高;使用风幕时农药在地面流失率比无风幕有所增加,ST110-02号喷头在未使用风幕时药液在地面的流失率为13.05%,是各试验工况最小值;与三轮车载式喷杆喷雾机相比,风幕式喷雾机施药雾滴覆盖率和穿透性明显升高,农药利用率平均提高了144.17%,雾滴在地面的流失率平均降低了14.46%。Air-assisted spraying technique research was carried out to increase pesticide efficiency and decrease pesticide loss. The spraying performance was experimentally studied on model 3WQ-3000 trailed air-assisted boom sprayer in small bell stage of corn fields. The effects of four sizes of flat fan nozzles（ ST110-02,ST110-04,ST110-05,ST110-06） with air curtain on pesticide efficacy,coverage rate and loss rate were carried out. The experiment results showed that the deposition amount was large at upper part of corn canopy and small at lower part. Air curtain enhanced penetrability,deposited property of droplets and improved the uniformity of distribution at corn canopies. Air-assisted sprayer had significant influence on small size droplets VMD that the pesticide efficacy of ST110-02 flat fan nozzle with air curtain was 83% more than that without air curtain. The optimum pesticide efficacy of ST110-06 flat fan nozzle with air curtain was 41. 93%. Air curtain could increase pesticide loss rate on the ground. The best loss rate of ST110-02 flat fan nozzle without air curtain was 13. 05%. Compared with the conventional sprayer, the new air-assisted sprayer had better droplet coverage rate and higher penetrability,the average pesticide efficacy was improved by 144. 17%,and pesticide loss rate on the ground was reduced by 14. 46%.

关 键 词：喷杆喷雾机 风幕 农药利用率 玉米 田间试验 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护]