黄淮海夏播玉米花期高温热害空间分布规律研究  

Spatial Distribution of High Temperature Stress at Corn Flowering Stage in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

作　　者：刘哲[1] 乔红兴 赵祖亮[1] 李绍明[1] 陈彦清[1] 张晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第7期272-279,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(41301075);'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2014BAD01B01)

摘　　要：黄淮海夏播玉米区是我国优势玉米种植区之一,近两年均遭受花期高温热害,严重影响了玉米产量和品质。通过调整玉米播种时间,可使玉米花期错过高温热害严重时期,从而减轻或规避热害风险,但需获知各地高温热害发生强度和频率的空间分布规律。因此,以该地区为研究区域,以日高温时长为玉米花期热害指标,计算得到黄淮海地区玉米花期高温热害强度,分析2013年热害的空间分布规律;利用63 a气象数据和日高温时长概率分布函数计算黄淮海各县区玉米花期出现高温热害风险的概率和空间分布规律。结果表明,2013年黄淮海地区夏播玉米散粉期高温热害胁迫较重的地区主要位于河南省平顶山市、信阳市等地,高温热害程度严重。如果这些热害重灾区提前7 d左右播种,将显著减少玉米花期与高温时期的耦合,降低因花期高温热害造成的产量损失。基于物候时期、县域环境这一更加精细的时空尺度研究玉米气象灾害风险分布规律,既可为气象灾害研究提供新视角,又可用于指导重灾区通过调整播期规避风险,具有重要的理论和现实意义。High temperature stress has serious influences on the yield and quality of corn. The yield loss would be devastating if heat injury happened at corn flowering stage. The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is one of corn predominance regions in China,where high temperature damage often occurs in recent years. This study aims to explore the temporal and spatial distribution of the high temperature stress of corn at flowering stage in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Firstly,we determined hours per day of temperature higher than 34℃ at flowering stage as the index for heat injury,then we calculated the index value of each county in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain during 2013,and analyzed its temporal and spatial distribution of the region. Secondly,based on the meteorological data in 63 a,we calculated the 2013 probability of high temperature stress at corn flowering stage in the region. The result shows that,Pingdingshan City,Xinyang City of Henan Province and area near by encountered unusual high temperature at flowering stage in 2013,where the probability of 2013 was below once-in-a-century. In order to reduce yield loss and overlapping time between the corn flowering stage and high temperature period,we suggested to sow about one week in advance for these areas. In background of the climate change,research on the temporal and spatial distribution of corn high temperature damage is significant to react the disaster mitigation of maize production.

关 键 词：玉米 花期 高温热害 空间分布 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]