工作记忆在图形符号联合加工中的作用  

The role of working memory in the binding of graphical symbols

作　　者：傅亚强[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学教育学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（理学版）》2015年第4期494-498,共5页Journal of Zhejiang University（Science Edition）

基　　金：浙江省教育厅科研计划项目(Y201223713);教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目(13YJC190005)

摘　　要：采用同时性双任务范式,考察包含2个特征的客体符号与空间符号在工作记忆联合加工过程中利用不同的工作记忆资源的情况.要求被试者记忆表征4架飞机飞行状态的客体符号或空间符号,同时执行视觉、空间或情景缓冲3种次任务.结果表明,相对无次任务条件,视觉次任务与情景缓冲次任务导致客体符号记忆效率下降,而空间次任务和情景缓冲次任务导致空间符号记忆效率下降.客体符号的联合加工主要利用了视空间模板的视觉成分和情景缓冲器,空间符号的联合加工主要利用了视空间模板的空间成分和情景缓冲器.情景缓冲器发挥了联合多特征表征的作用.Graphical symbols of human-machine interface show the different system informations with their multiple features respectively.The operator binds these graphical features in order to grasp overall status of the system quickly.There are two binding types of the multi-feature graphic symbols：object symbols and spatial symbols In the present study,object symbol shows the information of two systems with two right-angle sides of a right triangle,while spatial symbol shows the information of two systems with object location and moving direction.However,little has been known about the role of the working memory in the binding process of two visual features of an object symbol and the binding of location and direction of a spatial symbol.Twenty one college students were enrolled in the study.The study adopted the simultaneous dual-task paradigm to discuss the roles of visuo-spatial sketch pad and episodic buffer in the binding process of object symbols and spatial symbols.During the training session,the subjects were asked to memory four object symbols or spatial symbols representing the situations of four plans in the sky and to simultaneously process the visual interference task,spatial interference task or episodic buffer interference task under each experimental condition.Under the controlled condition,there was no interference task during the training session.During the testing session,the subjects recalled the four symbols and wrote them in paper.This study adopted 2×4repeated measure design.The independent variables were symbol type and interference task type.Symbol type consisted of object symbol and spatial symbol.Interference task type consisted of non-interference task,visual interference task,spatial interference task and episodic buffer interference task.The dependent variables included the recall score and recall time of four symbols.Results shows that the visual interference task and the episodic buffer interference task disrupt the recall performance of visual symbols（p〈0.01）,meanwhile the spatial

关 键 词：客体符号 空间符号 工作记忆 联合加工 视空间模板 情景缓冲器 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]