棉花种间杂交长柱头种质系TY35的培育与应用  

The Selection and Application of Germplasm Line TY35 with Long Stigma from Interspecific Crossing in Cotton

作　　者：黄穗兰[1] 郭宝德[1] 冀丽霞[1] 牛永章[1] 姜艳丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,山西太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2015年第7期777-779,共3页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业部重大专项(2011ZX08005-002);山西省农业科学院育种工程项目(11yzgc038)

摘　　要：选用栽培种陆地棉6901(G.hirsutum L.,2n=4x=52)作母本、野生种瑟伯氏棉(G.thurberi Tod.,2n=2x=26)作父本进行杂交,杂交铃用激素处理促幼胚发育,生长40 d后的幼胚用怀特(1934年)培养基加入10 mg/L秋水仙素进行染色体加倍,获得可育F1植株。在F3分离群体中选长柱头植株自交,经连续3代自交获得稳定的长柱头种质系TY35。选具有显性指示性状的特早红叶棉BZ39作父本与TY35杂交,采取人工去雄、纸片隔离和不去雄授粉3种方法杂交进行研究。结果表明,不去雄直接授粉F1的杂种株率为81.83%,人工去雄和纸片隔离授粉F1的杂种株率分别为92.33%和86.33%。对F1的主要产量性状进行杂种优势指数测定得出,株高、单株籽棉质量、单株皮棉质量的优势指数均在160%以上;单株结铃数指数为143.18%;子指、纤维长度、衣分等优势指数较低,均在120%以下。Crosses were made with upland cotton cultivar 6901（G. hirsutum L., 2n=4x=52）as female, wild G. thurberi（2n=4x=52）as male. The hybrid bolls were treated through hormone to promote the young embryos development. The chromosome of the young embryos after growing 40 days from White（1934）medium with colchicines 10 mg/L were doubled. The F1 fertile plants had been obtained through chromosome doubling. The plants with long stigma were self crossed in the F3 segregating population. The homozygosis germplasm line TY35 with long stigma had been obtained by continually self crossing for three generations. Crosses were made by using special early-maturing red leaf cotton with the dominant indicative character as male, TY35 as female. Crosses were made by using the three methods including artificial emasculation, paper disk isolation and no emasculating pollination. The results showed that the percent of F1 hybrids were separately 81.83%, 92.33% and 86.33% for artificial emasculation, paper disk isolation and no emasculation pollination. The F1 heterosis indexes were measured for main yield traits. The results showed that the heterosis indexes were all over160% for plant height, the seed and lint cotton of each plant. The index was 143.18% for the number of boll setting per plant. The heterosis indexes were all under 120% for seed-index, fiber length and lint-percent.

关 键 词：棉花 种间杂交 长柱头 种质系 不去雄授粉 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S562.032[农业科学—作物学]