外源硒对滴灌小麦籽粒硒含量及产量的影响  

Effect of the Selenium Fertilizer in Drip Irrigation on Wheat Yield and Selenium Content

作　　者：张妮[1] 李琦[1] 张栋[1] 侯振安[1] 冶军[1] 苏志伟[1] 梁成龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院资源与环境科学系,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第7期995-1001,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD42B02)

摘　　要：为给小麦高效富硒提供理论依据,通过田间小区试验研究了外源硒不同施用方式及用量对小麦籽粒硒含量及产量的影响。结果表明,基施与喷施外源硒的小麦生物量和产量均随硒用量的增加而增加,滴施外源硒小麦的生物量和产量随硒用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。在喷施20mg·L-1外源硒处理下小麦产量最高,比对照提高了19.5%;滴施0.6kg·hm-2处理,小麦产量提高14.3%;而基施外源硒对小麦产量无显著影响;喷施处理最高产量分别比基施、滴施处理最高产量增加4.5%和0.8%。在小麦籽粒硒富集上,滴施处理中籽粒硒富集量最大,分别是基施和喷施处理的2.6倍和1.6倍。基施、滴施和喷施外源硒处理下,小麦籽粒硒转化率分别比对照提高了45.5%、55.6%和67.8%,喷施处理小麦籽粒转化率最高。喷施处理小麦的硒利用率显著高于基施和滴施处理,分别是基施和滴施的2.2和1.7倍。分别在小麦孕穗期和灌浆期滴施0.6kg·hm-2、喷施20mg·L-1 Na2SeO3,既能使小麦籽粒硒含量达到国家富硒食品标准,又能增加小麦产量。In order to improve the selenium content of wheat,a field plot was performed to study the effects of selenium fertilizer amount and application methods on wheat yield and selenium content.The result showed that wheat biomass and yield generally increased with the amount of fertilizer increased in both basal and foliar treatments.Wheat biomass and yield increased and then decreased with the amount of selenium fertilizer increased in the drip fertigation treatment.Foliar application 20mg·L-1selenium resulted in the highest yield in this study（19.5% more than control）.Drip fertigation at 0.6kg·hm-2 resulted in the second highest yield（14.3% more than control）.Selenium fertilizer had no significant effect on wheat yield applied basally.The highest wheat yield spraying selenium fertilizer was 4.5% and 0.8% higher than that basal and drip fertigation treatment.Grain selenium contents were the highest in drip fertigation treatments,with 2.6and 1.6times of it in basal and foliar application treatments,respectively.Compared with the control treatment,the basal application,drip fertigation,and foliar application of selenium increased the grain conversion ratio by 45.5%,55.6%,and67.8%,respectively.The highest grain conversion ratio was observed in the foliar application treat-ments.Selenium fertilizer efficiency of foliar application were 2.2and 1.7times higher than that of basal drip fertigation treatment.Drip fertigation with 0.6kg·hm-2 and foliar application with 20mg·L-1 Na2SeO3 can not only increase the selenium content of wheat to reach the selenium-rich cereal standards of China,but also increase wheat production.They were the best treatments in this study.

关 键 词：小麦 外源硒 施用方法 籽粒硒含量 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318