培育措施对高寒草甸草原植物多样性和生产力的影响  

Effects of Grassland Cultivation Measures on Plant Diversity and Productivity in the Alpine Meadow-Steppe

作　　者：李文[1] 曹文侠[1] 魏巍[2] 师尚礼[1] 于应文[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院草业生态系统教育部重点实验室中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,西藏拉萨850009 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草地学报》2015年第3期457-462,共6页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360569);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-35);甘肃省退牧还草科技支撑项目(2012-252-2)资助

摘　　要：以植物群落特征和根系生物量为主要指标研究了高寒草甸草原对封育(E)、封育+灌溉(EI)、封育+灌溉+施肥(EIF)、封育+灌溉+施肥+补播(EIFR)和全年连续放牧(CG)的响应,以期为该区草地恢复、保护和管理提供支持。结果表明:与CG和E相比,各培育措施均增加了各功能群植物的高度和群落地上、地下生物量,提高了禾本科植物在草群中的比例,垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutan5)和冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)等优质牧草的重要值显著增加,杂类草植物的重要值降低,其中以EIFR效果最为显著;各培育措施均不同程度的提高了群落物种多样性指数,其中EIF显著高于其他处理;各培育措施不同程度降低了地下与地上生物量比。说明合理选择和组合应用不同培育措施是提升退化高寒草甸草原生产力和有效恢复草地生态的重要手段。Effects of different grassland cultivation measures on the species diversity, community height, community density, aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of the alpine meadow-steppe were investigated by quadrant method. There were five treatments in the study area, including Enclosure （E）, Enclosure＋ Irrigation （EI）, Enclosure ＋Irrigation ＋ Fertilization （EIF）, Enclosure ＋ Irrigation ＋ Fertilization ＋ Reseeding （EIFR） and Continuous grazing （CG） plots. The results indicated that the height of gramineous, leguminous, sedge and forbs plant functional groups increased, the aboveground and belowground biomass of gramineous plants, and the dominant gramineous plant important values of Elyrnus nutans all increased with the comprehensive improvement of cultivation measures, especially with EIFR. The plant species diversity index of community significantly increased in all treatments, especially in EIF. And the important values, coverage, the biomass percentage of forbs and the root-shoot ratio were all decreased. Therefore, the grassland cultivation measures are important measures to improve the recovery and productivity of alpine meadow ecosystem.

关 键 词：高寒草甸草原 培育措施 生物多样性 生产力 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]