氮磷钾配施对大葱产量及养分吸收利用特性的影响  

Effects of N, P, K Combined Application on the Yield, Nutrition Absorption and Utilization Characteristics of Allium fistulosum

作　　者：石健[1] 李炜蔷 侯丽丽[1] 王允[1] 徐坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室农业部黄淮地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2015年第6期847-852,共6页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(SDAIT-02-022-05)

摘　　要：为明确大葱对根际施肥的响应特性,本文研究了"3414"试验设计方案中部分施肥处理对大葱产量及氮磷钾吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾全量平衡施肥处理(N2P2K2)的大葱生长量及氮、磷、钾吸收量均显著高于N0P2K2、N2P0K2、N2P2K0等缺素施肥处理;尽管全生育期内不同施肥处理大葱各器官氮磷钾含量均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,但缺素施肥处理显著降低了各器官相应缺乏元素的含量,因此不同施肥处理大葱对氮磷钾的吸收比例显著不同,其中N2P2K2的N、P2O5、K2O吸收比例为1:0.56:0.97,而N0P2K2、N2P0K2、N2P2K0等则分别显著降低了N、P2O5、K2O的吸收比例;N0P2K2、N2P0K2、N2P2K0等缺素施肥处理的大葱产量虽均较N0P0K0显著增加,但较N2P2K2则分别减产35.66%、23.37%和33.50%,其肥料农学效率亦较N2P2K2分别降低了46.21%、22.73%和31.89%,表明氮素对大葱产量形成的影响最大,钾素次之,磷素较小,而氮磷钾合理配施则有利于提高大葱产量和肥料利用效率。In order to clarify the response to fertilization, the yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption and utilization characteristics of Allium fistulosum were studied by applying different fertilization levels which were from ＂3414＂ experiment design. The results showed that the growth and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption of A. fistulosum under the balanced fertilization treatment（N2P2K2） were significantly higher than other elements deficiency fertilization treatments such as N0P2K2, N2P0K2, N2P2 K. During the whole growth stage, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in various organs firstly increased and then decreased in different treatments, but the elements deficiency treatments significantly reduced the contents of corresponding elements in various organs. Therefore, in different fertilizer treatments, the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were significantly different, such as N, P2O5, K2 O absorption ratio of N2P2K2 treatment was 1：0.56：0.97. However, N0P2K2, N2P0K2 and N2P2 K treatments were significantly reduced the absorption ratio. Compared with N0P0K0, the yield of the elements deficiency treatments such as N0P2K2, N2P0K2, N2P2 K were increased significantly, but their yield reduced 35.66%, 23.37% and 33.50% respectively compared with N2P2K2, and fertilizer utilization efficiency also decreased by 46.21%, 22.73% and 31.89%. The results indicated that nitrogen had the biggest effect on A. fistulosum yield formation, and potassium and phosphorus followed by. In conclusion, reasonable nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilization combined was beneficial to improve the yield and fertilizer utilization rate of A. fistulosum.

关 键 词：大葱 产量 施肥 氮 磷 钾 吸收利用 

分 类 号：S633.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]