低温对孕穗期玉米叶片光合及碳代谢酶活性的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature on Photosynthetic Fluorescence and Enzyme Activity of Carbon Metabolism of Maize at Booting Stage

作　　者：谷岩[1] 曹梦可[1] 张玉秋[2] 孙扬[1] 胡文河[1] 吴春胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学作物研究中心,长春130118 [2]吉林省辽源市农业科学院,吉林辽源136200

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2015年第6期941-948,共8页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B10和2012BAD04B02);吉林省科技支撑计划项目(20130305032NY和20116030);吉林省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目

摘　　要：以玉米品种‘东单213’和‘恒宇709’为试验材料,研究低温对孕穗期玉米叶片气体交换、叶绿素荧光及碳代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:低温条件下,叶片气体交换参数[光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)]、叶绿素荧光参数[最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)]、碳代谢相关酶[(磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)羧化酶、磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)]活性均有不同程度的降低,温度越低,降幅越大;在相同温度和胁迫时间,各项指标以‘东单213’降幅最大。15℃下,‘恒宇709’的叶片蔗糖含量仅在第7天显著低于对照,‘东单213’则在第5和7天均显著低于对照。总的来说:低温胁迫下玉米光合速率的下降可能与光系统II反应中心伤害以及暗反应相关酶活性的降低有关。The experiment was carried out in the artificial climate chamber to study the effects of low temperature on photosynthetic fluorescence and enzyme activity of carbon metabolism of maize varieties including ‘Dongdan213＇ and ‘Hengyu709＇ at booting stage. The results showed that with the decrease of temperature, net rate of photosynthesis（Pn）, transpiration rate（Tr）, stomatal conductance（Gs）, maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）, actual photochemical efficiency（ΦPSII） and photochemical quenching（qP）, the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylse（PEP）, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase were decreased. The lower temperature, the higher reduction. At the same temperature and stress time, the reduction percent of above index was the biggest in ‘Dongdan213＇. When the temperature was 15 ℃, the sugar content of ‘Hengyu709＇ was only lower than the control at the 7th day of low temperature, and those of ‘Dongdan213＇ was lower than the control at the 5th and 7th day of low temperature. The decreasing of photosynthetic rate may be related to the damage of PSII reaction and the decrease of the activity of the related enzyme under low temperature stress.

关 键 词：玉米 低温胁迫 光合特性 碳代谢 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]