吉富罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼完全双列杂交后代生长性能与肌肉营养成分的比较  

Comparative study of the growth and nutrient composition of muscle tissue of two species of tilapia and their reciprocal hybrids

作　　者：强俊[1] 杨弘[1,2] 徐跑[1,2] 何杰[1] 马昕羽[2] 朱志祥[1] 李瑞伟 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心农业部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室,江苏无锡214081 [2]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214182 [3]茂名市茂南三高渔业发展有限公司,广东茂名525024

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2015年第4期654-665,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD26B03-1);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-49)

摘　　要：以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)与奥利亚罗非鱼(O.aureus)为繁育亲本,采用完全杂交进行配组,分别对吉富罗非鱼奥利亚罗非鱼纯繁与正反交后代生长性能和肌肉营养成分进行了比较,并且研究了脂代谢相关基因mRNA水平与肌肉脂肪含量的相关性。将初始规格基本一致的4组F1罗非鱼饲养100 d后,吉富罗非鱼纯繁组F1特定生长率最高(P<0.05),吉富罗非鱼奥利亚正反交组合无显著差异(P>0.05),奥利亚纯繁组F1特定生长率最低(P<0.05)。同时,奥利亚纯繁组F1的饲料转化率、肝体比与内脏比指数显著高于其他实验组(P<0.05)。各实验组水分、灰分与粗蛋白含量间无显著差异(P>0.05),吉富纯繁组F1的粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组合(P<0.05)。奥利亚纯繁组F1的必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸与氨基酸总含量均显著低于其他实验组(P<0.05),4组F1的肌肉必需氨基酸组成均符合FAO/WHO的标准。吉富纯繁组F1的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸以及n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于正反交组合与奥利亚纯繁组F1(P<0.05)。肌肉FAS、LPL、HSL和G6PD mRNA水平与脂肪含量的相关性分析表明,FAS与G6PD mRNA水平与肌肉脂肪含量呈负相关,相关系数(R2)分别为0.761 5(P<0.01)和0.538 7(P<0.05);LPL和HSL mRNA水平与肌肉脂肪含量呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.782 5(P<0.01)和0.562 4(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,奥利亚纯繁组F1的生长与肌肉营养成分明显劣于其他实验组,证明杂交能够提高后代的生长性能,改良肌肉品质,增加选育的综合效果。同时,吉富罗非鱼奥利亚正反交组合间LPL与G6PD mRNA水平间无显著差异(P>0.05),增加肌肉脂肪含量有助于提高LPL和HSL mRNA表达水平。Using a complete diallel mating system, growth and nutrient composition of muscle tissue, expression of lipid metabolism enzyme genes, and the relationship between crude lipid content and mRNA levels of a lipid metabo-lism enzyme were compared between two species of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus （the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia） and O. aureus. At the end of an experimental period of 100 days, the specific growth rate of pure-bred progeny of GIFT tilapia was significantly higher than that of the two hybrids and the pure-bred progeny of O. aureus. The feed conver-sion rate, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index of pure-bred progeny of O. aureus were significantly higher than those of experimental groups. There was no significant difference in the moisture, ash, orcrude protein content. Crude lipid content of pure-bred GIFT tilapia progeny was significantly higher than that of other groups. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, and dispensable amino acids of pure-bred O. aureus progeny were significantly lower than other groups. The rate of essential amino acid formation in four F1 generations was consistent with FAO/WHO stan-dards. Saturated, single unsaturated, polyunsaturated, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids of pure-bred GIFT tilapia progeny were significantly higher than those of the two hybrids and the pure-bred progeny of O. aureus. Correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between muscle crude lipid content and mRNA levels of FAS （R2=0.761 5;P〈0.01） and G6PD （R2=0.538 7; P〈0.05）. In contrast, crude lipid content was positively correlated with mRNA levels of LPL （R2=0.782 5; P〈0.01） and HSL （R2 =0.562 4, P〈0.05）. Overall, the results indicated that the growth and nutri-tional composition of muscle of pure-bred O. aureus progeny were significantly lower than of GIFT tilapia or hybrids. Thus, hybridization may increase growth performance of offspring and improve meat quality, as well as enhancing the effect of selective breeding. Although there were no signi

关 键 词：罗非鱼 肌肉营养成分 脂肪酸 氨基酸 脂代谢酶 

分 类 号：S961[农业科学—水产养殖]