闽江口和椒江口浮游动物饵料特征和渔场属性的比较  

Comparison between the zooplankton assemblage and fishing ground quality of the Minjiang River and Jiaojiang River estuaries

作　　者：陈剑[1,2] 徐兆礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2015年第4期770-779,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41176131);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201305027-8)

摘　　要：根据2008年9月(夏季)闽江口和2010年8月(夏季)椒江口这两个渔场的生物资源调查资料,研究了这两个河口渔场浮游动物的种类组成、平均生物量和平均丰度、优势种组成以及优势种对其总丰度的贡献率的差异,探讨了造成这些差异的水团因素,比较了两个河口渔场的饵料特征和渔场属性。结果表明,椒江口渔场饵料的种类组成优于闽江口渔场,这是因为椒江口渔场除了出现体型较大的桡足类(Copepoda)饵料生物,还出现了闽江口渔场没有的糠虾类(Mysidacea)、翼足类(Pteropoda)、端足类(Amphipoda)等优质饵料类群;椒江口渔场饵料浮游动物平均丰度达到281.17 ind/m3,远大于闽江口渔场的平均丰度,这是因为夏季椒江口海域受到上升流和径流的作用,其海域营养盐特别丰富;而闽江口海域夏季受寡营养盐的台湾暖流的明显影响,海域营养盐相对于椒江口较贫乏,其饵料浮游动物平均丰度仅为110.19 ind/m3。受上升流影响,暖温种中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)成为椒江口绝对优势种,平均丰度达到121.19 ind/m3;闽江口最大优势种为体形较小的肥胖三角溞(Evadneter gestina),丰度仅为45.63 ind/m3。椒江口渔场无论是种类组成、饵料丰度还是优势种优劣性上都要好于闽江口。通过对两个河口渔场浮游动物饵料的数量特征的比较以及差异形成的水团因素探讨,表明椒江口渔场饵料特性要优于闽江口渔场,使得椒江口渔场洄游性经济鱼类远远多于闽江口渔场,由此造成两个渔场属性的差异。Zooplankton species composition, dominant species, and average biomass and abundance were com-pared between samples taken in the Minjiang River and Jiaojiang River estuaries in September 2008 and August 2010, respectively. The contribution of the dominant species to the total abundance was also determined. Diffe-rences in the zooplankton of the two estuaries were evaluated with respect to each estuary’s water mass properties, and the bait characteristics and value of the fishery of the two areas were also compared. The results indicated that the zooplankton species composition of the Jiaojiang estuary fishing grounds was of higher quality than that of the Minjiang estuary. The Jiaojiang estuary had larger Copepoda and also contained the genera Mysidacea, Pteropoda, and Amphipoda, which the Minjiang estuary lacked. Strong summertime upwelling and run-off created nutri-ent-rich conditions in the Jiaojiang estuary that supported large zooplankton communities with an average abun-dance of 281.17 ind/m3. The warm temperate species Calanus sinicus was most dominant, averaging 121.19 ind/m3.The waters of the Minjiang estuary were lower in nutrients because the estuary was influenced by the nu-trient-poor Taiwan Warm Current in summer. Average zooplankton abundance in the Minjiang estuary was 110.19 ind/m3, with Evadneter gestina, the most dominant species, averaging 45.63 ind/m3.The Jiaojiang estuary sur-passed the Minjiang estuary in species composition, zooplankton abundance, and overall quality of its fishing grounds. Comparison between the quantitative characteristics of the zooplankton and water masses of the Minjiang and Jiaojiang estuaries indicated general differences between the fishing grounds and larger migrant fish popula-tions in the Jiaojiang estuary.

关 键 词：闽江口渔场 椒江口渔场 浮游动物饵料 优势种 水团 

分 类 号：S93[农业科学—渔业资源]