小兴安岭红皮云杉年轮-气候关系及其衰退原因  

Climate-growth relationships of Picea koraiensis and causes of its recent decline in Xiaoxing'an Mountains,China

作　　者：姚启超[1] 王晓春[2] 肖兴威[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学生态研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [3]国家知识产权局,北京100088

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第7期1935-1944,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(DL13EA05-02);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-12-0810);黑龙江省留学归国人员科学基金项目(LC2012C09);东北林业大学研究生自主创新基金项目(2572014AA32)资助

摘　　要：运用树木年轮学方法,建立了小兴安岭丰林自然保护区不同海拔2个红皮云杉树轮宽度年表,研究其与局地温度、降水、帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)及大尺度气候因子的关系,探讨红皮云杉径向生长的主要限制因子,分析其近几十年衰退的原因.结果表明:小兴安岭红皮云杉径向生长受温度限制作用强于降水,且生长季最低温度限制最强.不同海拔红皮云杉径向生长对气候响应存在明显差异:低海拔红皮云杉径向生长与生长季(6—9月)年降水量呈显著正相关;与不同深度土壤温度呈显著负相关,80 cm土层土温在生长季阶段限制作用最强;与PDSI在生长季呈显著正相关.高海拔红皮云杉与空气温度、降水、土壤温度及PDSI的关系没有低海拔显著.小兴安岭红皮云杉衰退可能与北大西洋多年代际振荡(AMO)、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)的相位转变以及1980年后的显著升温有一定关联,上述因素的耦合作用使该区土壤蒸发量加大,暖干化现象加剧,进而导致低海拔红皮云杉生长衰退.Two tree-ring width chronologies of Picea koraiensis at two altitudes in Fenglin National Nature Reserve of Xiaoxing ＇an Mountains, China were developed by using dendrochronological methods. To identify main limiting factors of P. koraiensis radial growth at the two altitudes, the re- lationships between the chronologies and local temperature, precipitation, Palmer drought severity index （PDSI） , and large-scale climatic factors were investigated. Meanwhile, the reasons of P. ko- raiensis growth decline in recent years were also explored. Results showed that radial growth of P. koraiensis in Xiaoxing＇an Mountains was mainly limited by temperatures, especially by the minimum temperature in growing season, while the limiting effect of precipitation was relatively weak. Climate responses of P. koraiensis growth at the different altitudes showed significant differences. Radial growths of P. koraiensis at the low altitude were positively correlated with precipitation in the current growth season （June-September） and whole year, and negatively correlated with soil temperatures at different depths, especially at 80 cm depth in growing season. Meanwhile, it was signi-ficantly positively correlated with PDSI in growing season. However, the relationships between radial growth of P. koraiensis at the high altitude and precipitation, air and soil temperatures, and PDSI were not significant as that at the low altitude. Growth decline of P. koraiensis in Xiaoxing ＇an Mountains could be related to the phase changes in Atlantic muhidecadal oscillation （AMO） and Pacific dec- adal oscillation （PDO） and the significant global warming since 1980. The coupling effects of the above changes might result in increased soil evaporation and exacerbated warming and drying phe- nomena, consequently causing the growth decline of P. koraiensis at the low altitude.

关 键 词：红皮云杉 树轮 气候变暖 生长衰退 土壤温度 

分 类 号：S791.182[农业科学—林木遗传育种]