生物炭对塿土水热特性及团聚体稳定性的影响  

Effects of biochar on water thermal properties and aggregate stability of Lou soil

作　　者：尚杰[1] 耿增超[1] 赵军[1] 耿荣[1] 赵映翠 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第7期1969-1976,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家农业部"948"项目(2010-Z19);陕西省科技攻关项目(2010K02-12-1)资助

摘　　要：试验设生物炭用量为0（B0）、20（B20）、40（B40）、60（B60）、80（B80）t·hm-25个处理,研究了施用果树树干、枝条生物炭2年后,对塿土容重、含水率、土壤温度和团聚体稳定性及其分布的影响.结果表明：在0~30 cm土层,施炭处理与B0相比,土壤容重显著降低7.7%~10.9%;土壤含水率显著增加10.0%~13.4%;施用40~60 t·hm-2生物炭可以缓冲土壤的温度变化,提高土壤的保温性能;大于0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体（WR0.25）显著增加30.3%;平均质量直径（MWD）在干筛、湿筛条件下分别显著增加15.2%和31.6%;团聚体破坏率（PAD）和不稳定团粒指数（ELT）分别显著降低19.1%和17.5%.说明生物炭的施用明显改善了塿土的水热特性,提高了团聚体的含量和稳定性;其施用量为40~60 t·hm-2时综合表现较优.A field trail was carried out to study the impact of biochar on soil bulk density, soil moisture content, soil temperature and soil aggregate stability in Lou soil. Five treatments of diffe- rent biochar amounts were set in this study as follows： 0 （B0）, 20 （B20）, 40 （B40）, 60 （B60） , 80 （B60） t · hm-2. The results showed that, after applying biochar two years, compared with the control（ B0）, the soil bulk density in 0-30 cm soil layer significantly decreased by 7.7%-10.9%, and the soil moisture content significantly increased by 10.0%-13.4%. Applying biochar at 40- 60 t · hm-2 could buffer the change of soil temperature, and increase the soil thermal capacity. The water stable aggregates （ WR0.25） with diameters greater than 0.25 mm significantly increased by 30.3%, the mean mass diameter （MWD） under dry sieving and wet sieving significantly increased by 15.2% and 31.6%, respectively, and the proportion of aggregate destruction （PAD） and unsta- ble aggregate index （ELT） significantly decreased by 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively. The results indicated that applying biochar could and increase soil aggregate stability, significantly improve the water thermal properties of Lou soil and the best applying amount was 40-60 t · hm-2.

关 键 词：生物炭 塿土 土壤水热特性 土壤团聚体 平均质量直径 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学] S156.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]