烟蒜轮作与套作对烤烟产量及根际土壤磷组分的影响  

Effects of tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping on tobacco yield and rhizosphere soil phosphorus fractions

作　　者：唐彪[1] 张锡洲[1] 阳显斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川温江611130 [2]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第7期1977-1984,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司科技项目(2012-05);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2013NZ0044)资助

摘　　要：通过大田小区试验,研究烟蒜轮作、套作对烤烟产量和土壤不同形态磷的影响.结果表明:烟蒜轮作、套作下烤烟产量和上中等烟比例较烤烟单作显著提高,下部叶成熟期根际土壤有效磷含量分别是烤烟单作的1.3和1.7倍.不同种植方式根际和非根际土壤无机磷组分含量均以O-P和Fe-P含量最高,Ca2-P和Al-P次之,Ca8-P和Ca10-P含量最低.与烤烟单作和烟蒜套作处理相比,烟蒜轮作在上部叶成熟期根际土壤Ca2-P含量最低,Ca8-P在下部叶成熟期含量最低,Ca10-P含量在中部叶成熟期最低.烟蒜轮作和套作在下部叶成熟期和中部叶成熟期根际土壤Al-P含量分别是烤烟单作的1.6和1.9倍、1.2和1.9倍.烟蒜轮作和套作根际土壤O-P含量均显著低于烤烟单作.烟蒜轮作较烟蒜套作更能活化土壤中难溶的O-P、Ca10-P和高稳性有机磷,提高烤烟产量和中上等烟比例.A field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the tobacco yield and different forms of soil phosphorus under tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping patterns. The results showed that compared with tobacco monoeuhure, the tobacco yield and proportion of middle/high class of tobacco leaves to total leaves were significantly increased in tobacco garlic crop rotation and inter- cropping, and the rhizosphere soil available phosphorus contents were 1.3 and 1.7 times as high as that of tobacco monocuhure at mature stage of lower leaf. For the inorganic phosphorus in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in different treatments, the contents of O-P and Fe-P were the highest, fol- lowed by CaE-P and A1-P, and Cas-P and Cal0-P were the lowest. Compared with tobacco monoeul- ture and tobacco garlic crop intercropping, the Ca2-P concentration in rhizosphere soil under tobac- co garlic crop rotation at mature stage of upper leaf, the Cas-P concentration at mature stage of low- er leaf, and the Cai0-P concentration at mature stage of middle leaf were lowest. The A1-P concen- trations under tobacco garlic crop rotation and intercropping were 1.6 and 1.9 times, and 1.2 and 1.9 times as much as that under tobacco monoeulture in rhizosphere soil at mature stages of lower leaf and middle leaf, respectively. The O-P concentrations in rhizosphere soil under tobacco garlic crop rotation and intereropping were significantly lower than that under tobacco monocuhure. Com- pared with tobacco garlic crop intereropping, the tobacco garlic crop rotation could better improve tobacco yield and the proportion of high and middle class leaf by activating O-P, Ca10-P and resis- tant organic phosphorus in soil.

关 键 词：烟蒜轮作 烟蒜套作 根际土壤 无机磷组分 有机磷组分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S633.4[农业科学—作物学]