麦田套种玉米共生期农田生态环境特征及对夏玉米苗期生长的影响  

Characteristics of farmland eco-environment at the intercropping stage of maize intercropped with winter wheat and their effects on seedling growth of summer maize

作　　者：朱元刚[1,2] 李洪杰 崔心燕 贾春兰 杨今胜 刘少坤 张吉旺[1] 董树亭[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253015 [3]德州市陵城区农林局,山东德州253500 [4]山东登海种业股份有限公司,山东莱州261448

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第7期1992-1998,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171497);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203096);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-20);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB100105);国家粮食丰产工程项目(2011BAD16B09);山东省良种工程重大课题(鲁科农字[2011]186号)资助

摘　　要：以登海661、郑单958为试验材料,设置麦田套种和麦收后接茬直播两种不同种植方式对比试验,研究了麦田套种玉米共生期的农田生态环境特征及对玉米苗期生长的影响.结果表明：麦田套种玉米与直播玉米相比,土壤含水量差异较小;麦田套种玉米耕层（0~5 cm）土壤的种际最高温度比直播玉米低4.8~5.2℃,最低温度相近,日平均温度低1.4~1.7℃,日变化较小,但均达到种子萌发要求;麦田套种玉米苗期冠层光照强度比直播显著减少,套种玉米地表光强为自然光强的4.4%~10.6%,光照不足是玉米苗弱、迟发的主要原因.与直播相比,套种玉米种子萌发出苗速度和干物质积累速度较慢,叶龄较小,叶片瘦长,株高较矮,玉米苗健壮度下降,单株叶面积较小且叶绿素含量较低;随共生期延长,玉米苗生长受抑制程度增加.在大田生产中,直播可促进种子萌发出苗,有利于夏玉米幼苗的生长发育,形成壮苗.To study the farmland eco-environment of intercropping maize with wheat at the inter- cropping stage and its influence on maize seedling growth, two summer maize euhivars, Zhengdan 958 and Denghai 661, were either intereropped with wheat or directly seeded. The result demonstra- ted that there was little difference for the soil water content of the farmland between the two cultiva- tion methods. The highest soil temperature of intercropped maize was 4.8-5.2 ℃ lower than the soil temperature of directly-seeded maize, and the lowest temperature of the intercropped maize was 1.4-1.7 ℃ lower. But, the temperatures for both planting methods met the requirement for seed germination. Light intensity on the ground surface of the intercropped maize was 4.4%-10.6% less than natural light, and insufficient light was the main reason for the weak and late seedling. Com- pared to the directly-seeded maize, the speeds of seed germination and accumulation of dry matters of the intercropped maize were relatively slow. On the whole, the seedling of intereropped maize was not strong, which presented small leaves, short height and low chlorophyll content. The restraint on the growth of intereropped maize was enhanced with the extension of intercropping period. For farm planting, direct-seeding could improve the seed germination and seedling growth of summer maize.

关 键 词：小麦 玉米 套种 共生期 生态环境 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]