籼型常规早稻穗分化期低温对颖花形成和籽粒充实的影响  

Effects of low temperature on formation of spikelets and grain filling of indica inbred rice during panicle initiation in early-season

作　　者：曾研华[1,2] 张玉屏[2] 向镜[2] 王亚梁 陈惠哲[2] 朱德峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,南京210095 [2]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州311400

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第7期2007-2014,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y13C130013);中国农业科学院院所基金项目(2012RG004-2);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-09B)资助

摘　　要：以籼型常规早稻中嘉早17为材料,于盆栽条件下采用人工气候箱控温,在水稻穗分化一次枝梗原基分化期（Ⅱ）与花粉母细胞减数分裂期（Ⅵ）进行17和20℃的低温胁迫处理,研究不同低温对水稻枝梗、颖花分化与退化及籽粒充实的影响.结果表明：与对照相比,不同低温处理均显著降低每穗枝梗及颖花分化数和现存数,颖花现存数降幅为7.2%~12.4%,同时增加了枝梗和颖花的退化数,影响了花粉活性、花药开裂等花器官发育,导致籽粒充实不良,以17℃低温胁迫效应更明显.穗分化Ⅵ期低温处理总枝梗和颖花分化数与现存数低于穗分化Ⅱ期,但二次枝梗和颖花退化数较多,颖花退化数较穗分化Ⅱ期高11.6%;穗分化Ⅱ期低温处理穗部籽粒结实率显著低于穗分化Ⅵ期,降幅达3.7%,主要与花粉粒活性、柱头花粉散落数、花药开裂系数和籽粒充实度受低温影响较大有关.另外,穗分化Ⅱ、Ⅵ两时期受17℃低温胁迫效应大于20℃.综合穗分化两时期低温胁迫效应的差异,生产中需加强相应栽培措施的调控.A pot experiment in phytotron with controlled temperature was conducted to examine the effects of low temperature （Ⅱ） on differentiation and retrogression of branches and spikelets and grain filling of rice during panicle initiation （PI）. In this study, indica inbred rice called Zhong- jiazaol7 was planted and treated at 17 and 20 ℃ of LT during primary branches anlage differentia- tion （ Ⅱ ） and pollen mother cell meiosis stage （ Ⅵ ） of PI. The results showed that the numbers of differentiated and survived branches per panicle were significantly reduced under LT treatment com- pared with control, and the number of survived spikelets was significantly decreased by 7.2%- 12.4%, but the numbers of retrograded branches and spikelets were increased. Moreover, LT affect- ed significantly the development of floral organ such as pollen activity and anther dehiscence, and caused harmful grain filling, particularly at 17 ℃. The numbers of total differentiated and survived branches and spikelets were lower during VI （PI） than during Ⅱ （PI） under LT stress, but more retrograded secondary branches and spikelets （ increased by 11.6%） were found during Ⅵ （PI） compared with II （PI）. Meanwhile, in contrast to Ⅱ （PI） , the seed setting rate was significantly lowered by 3.7% during VI （PI）, which was attributed to reductions in pollen activity, pollen grains on stigma, anther dehiscence coefficient and grain filling rate. LT stress impact on rice pani- cles was higher at 17 ℃ than at 20 ℃ during Ⅱ and Ⅵ （PI）. The cultivation measure could be correspondingly strengthened and improved in practice.

关 键 词：水稻 低温 穗分化期 颖花 花器官 籽粒充实 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]