丛枝菌根网络的生态学功能研究进展  

Research progress on ecological function of arbuscular mycorrhizal network

作　　者：王茜[1] 王强[1] 王晓娟[1,2,3] 张亮 金樑[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]上海科技馆 [3]上海自然博物馆自然史研究中心,上海200127

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第7期2192-2202,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270558);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2013-86)资助

摘　　要：丛枝菌根(AM)真菌是陆地生态系统中重要的土壤微生物之一.其在土壤生态系统中延伸出的根外菌丝,可以通过菌丝融合的方式形成丛枝菌根网络(AMN).AMN在土壤生态系统中发挥着重要功能:一方面,AMN可以改变土壤的理化性质,其根外菌丝分泌物可以影响土壤微生物生存的微环境,进而改变土壤微生物的群落组成;另一方面,AM真菌的根外菌丝可以吸收土壤养分,并通过AMN将吸收的营养物质在宿主植物间进行分配,调节植物物种之间的竞争关系.为了全面阐述AMN在生态系统中的功能,本文围绕最新的AMN研究成果,探究AM真菌根外菌丝在土壤中相互融合的机制、AMN影响土壤微生物的数量和组成、调节植物群落的生态学机理,以及AMN调节地下资源、植物种内和种间竞争、影响植物群落的多样性和丰富度等生态系统功能.阐述在全球变化过程中AMN与大气氮沉降、CO2浓度升高以及温度升高的相关性,探究其在维持生态系统稳定性中的作用,并对本领域未来的发展方向和应用前景进行展望.Arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi are one of the most important soil microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Through hyphal fusion, the mycelium of AM fungi could form arbuscular my- corrhizal network （AMN） widely in the underground habitats. It has been demonstrated that AMN plays important roles in ecosystems. AMN could change the soil physical and chemical properties di- rectly and change the micro-environment for soil microorganisms. Thus, AMN could influence the soil microbial community structure. AM fungi also could absorb nutrients through the external hyphae from soil. Then the nutrition could transport to different host plants through the mycelium with AMN, which could affect the dynamics of plant community structure. In order to discover the role of AMN in ecosystem, we reviewed the function of AMN in ecosystem, including： 1 ） the for- mation strategy of AMN through the external hyphae of AM fungi fusion in the soil; 2） the regula- tion of AMN on soil microorganism community structure and ecological function; 3） the mechanism of AMN to adjust the soil resources distribution, and their influence on intra- and inter-specific plant competition, as well as the host plant species diversity and abundance in ecosystem; 4） the relationship between AMN and global changes in the atmospheric nitrogen deposition, atmospheric CO2 and temperature, and the role of AMN in the stability of ecosystem. The future development di- rections and application prospects were also discussed.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 菌丝体网络 菌丝融合 土壤微生物 植物群落 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]