山核桃枝叶耐旱特性分析  

Analysis of drought resistance of branch and leaf structure in Carya cathayensis

作　　者：孙志超[1] 程慧[1] 郭文磊[1] 王红红[1] 王正加[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室培育基地,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《果树学报》2015年第4期633-640,I0003,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170637);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2012C12904);国家高技术研究发展计划863(2013AA102605);浙江省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(LR14C160002);浙江省林业厅项目(2014B01)

摘　　要：【目的】通过分析3种山核桃实生苗枝叶耐旱性的结构特征,评价山核桃枝叶耐旱特性,为筛选耐旱性能良好的专用砧木提供基础。【方法】采用石蜡切片、模拟干旱处理及透射电镜等技术对3种山核桃叶片、一年生枝条及叶绿体的结构特性进行了观察,并采用模糊数学隶属函数法综合评价其耐旱性。【结果】将叶片上下表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织等15类指标聚为5类,通过相关指数比较筛选出了海绵组织厚度、皮孔长度、栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度比、皮层厚度及导管长度作为评价山核桃耐旱性能的指标;透射电镜结果表明,在受到轻度干旱胁迫下,湖南山核桃叶绿体受到破坏,临安山核桃与薄壳山核桃未发生明显变化,在重度干旱胁迫下,湖南山核桃叶片结构受到严重破坏,薄壳山核桃叶绿体皱缩,临安山核桃受害程度较2者轻。【结论】隶属函数法确定了3种山核桃枝叶耐旱性大小依次为临安山核桃(Carya cathynesis)>湖南山核桃(Carya hunanensisy)>薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)。【Objective】By analyzing structural features of drought tolerance in three Carya cathayensis seedlings,we can evaluate the drought-tolerant characteristics of Carya cathayensis and provide a goodbasis for screening special drought-tolerant rootstocks.【Methods】Using paraffin sectioning technology,simulated drought treatment and transmission electron microscopy,the structural characteristics of threekinds of Carya cathayensis leaves,one year old branches and chloroplasts were observed,and fuzzy math-ematics membership function was also applied to evaluate the drought resistance.【Results】The resultsshowed that by clustering 15 measured categories of indicators（such as upper and lower epidermis of leaf,palisade tissue,spongy tissue） into five groups,spongy tissue thickness,stomata length,palisade tissueand spongy tissue thickness ratio,cortical thickness and vessel length,which were relevant to the droughtresistance,were selected as assessment index. The observation results with transmission electronic micros-copy showed that under mild drought stress,the Carya hunanensisy chloroplasts were damaged,Carya cathaynesis and Carya illinoinensis did not change obviously. When they were under severe drought stress,leaf structure of Carya hunanensisy was badly damaged and Carya illinoinensis chloroplast shriveled. Com-pared with them,the damage on Carya cathayensis was lighter.【Conclusion】Membership function evalua-tion was used to identify the drought resistance of three varieties,and the order was Carya cathayensisCarya hunanensisy Carya illinoinensis.

关 键 词：山核桃 显微结构 超微结构 导管分子 耐旱性 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]