甘肃省苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali培养性状及致病力研究  

Cultural characteristics and pathogenicity of Valsa mali in Gansu Province

作　　者：王卫雄[1] 徐秉良[1] 薛应钰[1] 韩健[1] 陈臻 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省植保植检站,兰州730020

出　　处：《果树学报》2015年第4期666-671,F0002,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(201203034);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28);国家科技部星火项目(2013GA860001-03);甘肃省农业生物技术专项(GNSW-2012-27)

摘　　要：【目的】明确甘肃省苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)致病力分化情况。【方法】采用平板培养法和离体枝条接种法对Valsa mali两变种的培养性状和致病力进行了研究。【结果】Valsa mali在PDA上有褐色类群和乳白色类群,褐色类群为Valsa mali var.mali菌株,乳白色类群为Valsa mali var.pyri菌株。Valsa mali var.mali不同菌株之间存在致病力分化,菌株PL-1致病力最强,第7天病斑面积为9.54 cm2,菌株TS-5致病力最弱,第7天时病斑面积为4.7 6cm2。Valsa mali var.pyri不同菌株之间也存在致病力分化,菌株WW-1致病力最强,第7天病斑面积为2.72 cm2,菌株WW-2致病力最弱,第7天病斑面积为1.40 cm2。Valsa mali在不同品种间致病力不同,在‘新红星’致病力强,在‘富士’致病力弱。Valsa mali不但侵染苹果树还可以侵染梨树和桃树,Valsa mali var.pyri菌株在梨树上的致病力强于Valsa mali var.mali。【结论】Valsa mali两变种间致病力差异显著,褐色类群菌株Valsa mali var.mali致病力强于乳白色类群菌株Valsa mali var.pyri,Valsa mali两变种内各菌株之间也存在致病力差异显著。【Objective】To clarify the pathogenicity of Valsa mali in Gansu Province.【Methods】The cul-tural characteristics of two varieties of Valsa mali were studied by PDA plate culture and the pathogencitywas tested by excised twigs inoculating.【Results】The results showed that Valsa mali had brown type andmilk-white type,the former was strains of Valsa mali var. mali,and the later was strains of Valsa mali var. pyri. The different strains of Valsa mali var. mali showed obvious pathogenicity differentiation. StrainPL-1 showed the strongest pathogenicity,and the square of the scan was 9.54 cm27 days after inoculat-ing. Strain TS-5 showed the weakest pathogenicity,and the square of the scan was 4.76 cm27 days afterinoculating. The different strains of Valsa mali var. pyri also showed obvious pathogenicity differentiation.Strain WW-1 showed the strongest pathogenicity,and the square of the scan was 2.72 cm27 days after in-oculating. Strain WW-2 showed the weakest pathogenicity,and the square of the scan was 1.40 cm27 days after inoculating. The strains of Valsa mali showed different pathogenicity after inoculating on differ-ent apple cultivars. The pathogenicity was strongest on Starkrimson,but the pathogenicity was weakest on‘Fuji＇. Valsa mali not only infected apple tree but also peach tree. The pathogenicity of Valsa mali var.pyri was stronger than Valsa mali var. mail on pear twigs.【Conclusion】The pathogenicity of Valsa mali be-tween two varieties had significant difference,Valsa mali var. mali was stronger than Valsa mali var. pyri.Two varieties of Valsa mali also showed obvious pathogenicity differentiation among their strains.

关 键 词：苹果 Valsa MALI 培养性状 致病力 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]