中国设施园艺产业的经济性分析  

Economic Analysis of horticulture facility industry in China

作　　者：沈军[1,2] 高丽红[1] 张真和[3] 王娟娟[3] 陈青云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/设蔬菜生长发育调控北京市重点实验室,北京100193 [2]河南科技学院园艺园林学院,河南新乡453003 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2015年第4期651-656,共6页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(Nycytx-35-gw22);十二五科技支撑项目(2011BAD12B01);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(S2010-03-G06)

摘　　要：为了找出制约设施园艺效益的因素,使设施园艺真正成为农民增收的途径,运用投入产出法和本量利分析法,在广泛调查的基础上,对中国设施园艺的经济性进行了分析。结果表明,日光温室全国平均产投比为2.62,以北方中部地区最高,为3.17,北方西部地区最低,为2.05;塑料大棚全国平均产投比为2.63,南方地区最高,为3.63,北方中部和东部地区相差较小。温室建造成本在日光温室投入中所占比重较大,在塑料大棚投入中肥料所占比重较大。针对不同地区的日光温室和塑料大棚生产,分别建立了本量利模型,其中南方塑料大棚生产的保本点最低且利润最高,而北方西部地区日光温室生产的保本点最高且利润最低。对设施园艺生产的利润影响最大的是单价,其次是产销量,可变成本比固定成本对利润的影响较大,其中以肥料的影响最大。因此,必须因地制宜,选择适合当地条件的设施类型,采用科学的生产方式,加大政府扶持力度,建立畅通的流通体系,保证园艺产品的价格,从而使中国的设施园艺产业持续健康的发展。In order to identify factors that restrict the development of facility horticulture, this study applied the Input-output and the Cost-Volume-Profit （CVP） analyses to examine the economy of Chinese facility horticulture based on the extensive surveys. The results showed that the average output-input ratio of the nationwide solar greenhouse was 2.62. However, the ratio was the highest （3.17） in the central area of north China and the lowest （2.05） in the western area of north China. The average of the ratio of the plastic tunnel was 2.63. There were also regional variations for the ratio of the plastic tunnel; the values for the south, central area and eastern area of north were 3.63, 2.09 and 1.98 respectively. Cost wise, the greenhouse construction cost was the major input of the solar greenhouse, however the fertilizer was the major cost in plastic tunnel input. Results of the CVP analysis model indicate that the breakeven point of the plastic tunnel of the south China was the lowest, and consequently whose profit was the highest. An opposite trend was observed in the western area of north China. The unit price and the productivity were the most impacting factors for the facility horticulture. However, variable costs （e.g., fertilizer） had more impacts on the profit than the constant cost. Consequently, the selection of the appropriate facility type should be appropriate to the local condition. In some cases, government support and subsidy might be necessary. In addition, an efficient logistics system is necessary to ensure the horticulture production＇ s price for the sustained development of Chinese facility horticulture.

关 键 词：设施园艺 经济性 投入产出 本量利 

分 类 号：F326.13[经济管理—产业经济]