覆盖秸秆对盐碱草地补播野大麦和虎尾草的生长及土壤微生物数量的影响  

Effects of straw mulching on growth of Hordeum brevisublatum and Chloris virgata Swartz reseeded in the saline- alkali grassland and the number of soil microorganisms

作　　者：姚凤娇 崔国文[1] 李洪影[2] 黄岩[1] 胡国富[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科技学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]齐齐哈尔大学理学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015年第7期22-26,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"东北粮食主产区优质紫花苜蓿高效生产利用技术研究与示范"(2011BAD17B04-2)

摘　　要：为了研究覆盖秸秆对补播野大麦和虎尾草生长状况及对草地土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌三种微生物数量变化的影响,试验采用在松嫩平原退化盐碱草地(p H值为8.1)分别补播野大麦(Hordeum brevisublatum)和虎尾草(Chloris virgata),同时分别覆盖2 kg/m2(2 M)、1.5 kg/m2(1.5 M)、1 kg/m2(1 M)和不覆盖秸秆((0 M)的粉碎玉米秸秆的方法进行研究。结果表明:覆盖玉米秸秆可显著促进野大麦和虎尾草的生长,与不覆盖相比,覆盖1.5 kg/m2的玉米秸秆,野大麦株高提高4.66%,生物量提高10.89%;覆盖2 kg/m2的玉米秸秆,虎尾草株高提高17.57%,生物量提高5.85%。覆盖玉米秸秆可显著增加土壤微生物的数量,其中覆盖1.5 kg/m2玉米秸秆同时补播野大麦,土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量比不覆盖秸秆分别提高了10.49%、24.18%和18.69%,比未补播提高了72.60%、92.29%和73.03%;覆盖2 kg/m2玉米秸秆的同时补播虎尾草,土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量比不覆盖秸秆分别提高了13.31%、30.34%和45.68%,比未补播提高了6.76%、12.05%和14.26%。To study the effect of straw mulching on the growth status of reseeded Hordeum brevisublatum and Chloris virgata Swartz and the changes in the quantity of the three kinds of microbes in the grassland soil,including bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,The Hordeum brevisublatum and Chloris virgata Swartz were reseeded in the Songnen Plain,respectively; meanwhile,2 kg / m2（ 2M）,1. 5 kg/m2（ 1. 5M）,1 kg/m2（ 1M）and 0（ 0M） of crushed corn stalks were covered,respectively. The results showed that covering corn stalks could significantly promote the growth of Hordeum Brevisublatum and Chloris virgata Swartz. The plant height of Hordeum Brevisublatum increased by 4. 66%,and the biomass increased by 10. 89% with covering 1. 5 kg / m2 of corn stalks compared with no mulching; the plant height of Chloris virgata Swartz increased by17. 57%,and the biomass increased by 5. 85% with covering 2 kg / m2 of corn stalks. Covering corn stalks could significantly increase the quantities of soil microorganisms. Thereinto,the quantities of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes with covering 1. 5 kg / m2 of corn stalks while reseeding Hordeum brevisublatum,were increased by 10. 49%,24. 18% and 18. 69% than those without covering corn stalks,and also increased by 72. 60%,92. 29% and 73. 03% than those without reseeding Hordeum brevisublatum,respectively; the quantities of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes with covering 2 kg / m2 of corn stalks while reseeding Chloris virgata Swartz,were increased by 13. 31%,30. 34% and 45. 68%than those without covering corn stalks,and also increased by 6. 76%,12. 05% and 14. 26% than those without reseeding Chloris virgata Swartz.

关 键 词：盐碱化草地 野大麦 虎尾草 秸秆覆盖 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S543[农业科学—作物学] S812.3