宋代差役改革与都保乡役体系的形成  

The Reform of Crvee and the Formation of Rural Service System in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：侯鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文与传播学院 [2]苏州科技学院人文学院历史系

出　　处：《社会科学》2015年第8期154-168,共15页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目"明清江南赋役改革与基层行政组织变迁研究"(项目编号:13YJC770016);中国博士后科学基金第57批面上资助项目"清代江南乡村控制体系的结构与功能研究"(项目编号:2015M571584)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：宋代差役改革在组织上发生了州县役人由官雇向私募的转化,乡役人以都保为单位的地域组织因之遭到种种扭曲与变形。南宋经界与差役法的调整试图在清理土地关系的基础上更富弹性地容纳多种社会关系,使乡役组织能够在乡村社会自发而有序的完成,无需行政力量的过多介入,而对在城的胥吏活动则力求加以规限。乡与都的职能分化正反映出州县行政在实际运行中所发生的城乡观念的分野,其运行的内在理路主导了此后乡村基层组织的演变。In the Song Dynasty, by the reform of crvee organization, the counties served people had not been paid by the government but hired privately, which made the organization of the rural service be out of shape. Till the Southern Song Dynasty, the local government began to measure the land and clear the land tenure, based on these works, various social relationships had been accommodated flexibly. As a result, without the administrative intervene, the rural service could be organized spontaneous and orderly, at the same time, the activities of petty official could be restricted. During the working of county, the function of country and Du had been divided, which just reflect the conceptual operation about urban and rural, its inner logic operation dominated the later evolution of rural grass-roots organizations.

关 键 词：差役 都保制 宋代 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] K245[历史地理—中国史]